MVVM – 验证

在本章中，我们将了解验证。我们还将研究一种简洁的方法来使用 WPF 绑定已经支持的内容进行验证，但将其绑定到 MVVM 组件中。

MVVM 中的验证

当您的应用程序开始接受来自最终用户的数据输入时，您需要考虑验证该输入。
确保它符合您的总体要求。
WPF 在绑定系统中有一些很棒的构建和功能可用于验证输入，您在执行 MVVM 时仍然可以利用所有这些功能。
请记住，支持您的验证并定义哪些属性应属于 Model 或 ViewModel 的规则的逻辑，而不是 View 本身。

您仍然可以使用 WPF 数据绑定支持的所有表达验证的方式，包括 −

在属性上引发异常已设置。
实现 IDataErrorInfo 接口。
实现 INotifyDataErrorInfo。
使用 WPF 验证规则。

一般来说，INotifyDataErrorInfo 是推荐的，它被引入到 WPF .net 4.5，它支持查询对象中与属性相关的错误，并且还修复了所有其他选项的一些缺陷。具体来说，它允许异步验证。它允许属性具有与其相关的多个错误。

添加验证

让我们看一个例子，在这个例子中，我们将为输入视图添加验证支持，在大型应用程序中，您可能需要在应用程序中的多个位置使用它。有时在视图上，有时在视图模型上，有时在这些辅助对象上，模型对象周围都有包装器。

将验证支持放在一个公共基类中是一种很好的做法，然后您可以从不同的场景中继承该基类。

基类将支持 INotifyDataErrorInfo，以便在属性更改时触发该验证。

创建添加一个名为 ValidatableBindableBase 的新类。由于我们已经有一个用于属性更改处理的基类，让我们从它派生基类并实现 INotifyDataErrorInfo 接口。

以下是 ValidatableBindableBase 类的实现。

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.ComponentModel; 

//using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices; 
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks; 
using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace MVVMHierarchiesDemo { 

   public class ValidatableBindableBase : BindableBase, INotifyDataErrorInfo { 
      private Dictionary<string, List<string>> _errors = new Dictionary<string, List<string>>();

      public event EventHandler<DataErrorsChangedEventArgs> 
         ErrorsChanged = delegate { };

      public System.Collections.IEnumerable GetErrors(string propertyName) {
		
         if (_errors.ContainsKey(propertyName)) 
            return _errors[propertyName]; 
         else 
            return null; 
      }
      
      public bool HasErrors { 
         get { return _errors.Count > 0; } 
      }
		
      protected override void SetProperty<T>(ref T member, T val, 
         [CallerMemberName] string propertyName = null) {
		
         base.SetProperty<T>(ref member, val, propertyName);
         ValidateProperty(propertyName, val);
      }
		
      private void ValidateProperty<T>(string propertyName, T value) {
         var results = new List<ValidationResult>();
			
         //ValidationContext context = new ValidationContext(this); 
         //context.MemberName = propertyName;
         //Validator.TryValidateProperty(value, context, results);

         if (results.Any()) {
            //_errors[propertyName] = results.Select(c => c.ErrorMessage).ToList(); 
         } else { 
            _errors.Remove(propertyName); 
         }
			
         ErrorsChanged(this, new DataErrorsChangedEventArgs(propertyName)); 
      } 
   } 
}

现在在相应的文件夹中添加 AddEditCustomerView 和 AddEditCustomerViewModel。以下是 AddEditCustomerView.xaml 的代码。

<UserControl x:Class = "MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Views.AddEditCustomerView"
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Views" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   d:DesignHeight = "300" d:DesignWidth = "300">
	
   <Grid> 
      <Grid.RowDefinitions> 
         <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
         <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" />
      </Grid.RowDefinitions>
		
      <Grid x:Name = "grid1" 
         HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
         DataContext = "{Binding Customer}" 
         Margin = "10,10,0,0" 
         VerticalAlignment = "Top">
			
         <Grid.ColumnDefinitions> 
            <ColumnDefinition Width = "Auto" /> 
            <ColumnDefinition Width = "Auto" /> 
         </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
		
         <Grid.RowDefinitions> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
            <RowDefinition Height = "Auto" /> 
         </Grid.RowDefinitions>
		
         <Label Content = "First Name:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" />
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "firstNameTextBox" 
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "0" 
            Text = "{Binding FirstName, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
         <Label Content = "Last Name:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "1" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" /> 
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "lastNameTextBox"
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "1" 
            Text = "{Binding LastName, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
         <Label Content = "Email:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "2" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" />
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "emailTextBox" 
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "2" 
            Text = "{Binding Email, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
         <Label Content = "Phone:" 
            Grid.Column = "0" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "3" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" />
			
         <TextBox x:Name = "phoneTextBox" 
            Grid.Column = "1" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Height = "23" 
            Margin = "3" 
            Grid.Row = "3" 
            Text = "{Binding Phone, ValidatesOnNotifyDataErrors = True}"
            VerticalAlignment = "Center" 
            Width = "120" />
			
      </Grid> 

      <Grid Grid.Row = "1"> 
         <Button Content = "Save" 
            Command = "{Binding SaveCommand}" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "25,5,0,0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Top" 
            Width = "75" />
		
         <Button Content = "Add" 
            Command = "{Binding SaveCommand}" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "25,5,0,0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Top" 
            Width = "75" /> 
		
         <Button Content = "Cancel" 
            Command = "{Binding CancelCommand}" 
            HorizontalAlignment = "Left" 
            Margin = "150,5,0,0" 
            VerticalAlignment = "Top" 
            Width = "75" /> 
      </Grid>
		
   </Grid> 
	
</UserControl>

以下是 AddEditCustomerViewModel 的实现。

using MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Model;

using System; 
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MVVMHierarchiesDemo.ViewModel { 

   class AddEditCustomerViewModel : BindableBase { 
	
      public AddEditCustomerViewModel() {
         CancelCommand = new MyIcommand(OnCancel); 
         SaveCommand = new MyIcommand(OnSave, CanSave); 
      } 
		
      private bool _EditMode; 
		
      public bool EditMode { 
         get { return _EditMode; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _EditMode, value);} 
      }
		
      private SimpleEditableCustomer _Customer;
		
      public SimpleEditableCustomer Customer { 
         get { return _Customer; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _Customer, value);} 
      }

      private Customer _editingCustomer = null;
		
      public void SetCustomer(Customer cust) {
         _editingCustomer = cust; 
			
         if (Customer != null) Customer.ErrorsChanged -= RaiseCanExecuteChanged; 
         Customer = new SimpleEditableCustomer();
         Customer.ErrorsChanged += RaiseCanExecuteChanged;
         CopyCustomer(cust, Customer); 
      }
		
      private void RaiseCanExecuteChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { 
         SaveCommand.RaiseCanExecuteChanged(); 
      }

      public MyIcommand CancelCommand { get; private set; }
      public MyIcommand SaveCommand { get; private set; }

      public event Action Done = delegate { };
		
      private void OnCancel() { 
         Done(); 
      }

      private async void OnSave() { 
         Done(); 
      }
		
      private bool CanSave() { 
         return !Customer.HasErrors; 
      }  
   } 
}

以下是 SimpleEditableCustomer 类的实现。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic; 
using System.Linq; 
using System.Text; 
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace MVVMHierarchiesDemo.Model { 

   public class SimpleEditableCustomer : ValidatableBindableBase { 
      private Guid _id; 
		
      public Guid Id { 
         get { return _id; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _id, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _firstName; 
      [Required]
		
      public string FirstName { 
         get { return _firstName; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _firstName, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _lastName; 
      [Required] 
		
      public string LastName {  
         get { return _lastName; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _lastName, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _email; 
      [EmailAddress] 
		
      public string Email {
         get { return _email; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _email, value); } 
      }
		
      private string _phone; 
      [Phone] 
		
      public string Phone { 
         get { return _phone; } 
         set { SetProperty(ref _phone, value); } 
      } 
   } 
}

编译并执行上述代码后，您将看到以下窗口。

按下"添加客户"按钮后，您将看到以下视图。当用户将任何字段留空时，该字段将突出显示，并且"保存"按钮将被禁用。

MVVM 教程

MVVM 其他

MVVM – 验证

MVVM 中的验证

添加验证

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