MVVM – 第一个应用程序

在本章中，我们将学习如何将 MVVM 模式用于简单的输入屏幕和您可能已经习惯的 WPF 应用程序。

让我们看一个使用 MVVM 方法的简单示例。

步骤 1 − 创建一个新的 WPF 应用程序项目 MVVMDemo。

步骤 2 − 将三个文件夹（Model、ViewModel 和 Views）添加到您的项目中。

步骤 3 −在 Model 文件夹中添加一个 StudentModel 类，并将以下代码粘贴到该类中

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MVVMDemo.Model {
 
   public class StudentModel {}
	
   public class Student : INotifyPropertyChanged {
      private string firstName; 
      private string lastName;
		
      public string FirstName { 
         get { 
            return firstName; 
         }
			
         set { 
            if (firstName != value) { 
               firstName = value; 
               RaisePropertyChanged("FirstName"); 
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName"); 
            } 
         } 
      }
		
      public string LastName { 
         get {return lastName; } 
			
         set {
            if (lastName != value) { 
               lastName = value;
               RaisePropertyChanged("LastName");
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName"); 
            } 
         } 
      }
		
      public string FullName { 
         get { 
            return firstName + " " + lastName; 
         } 
      }
		
      public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
		
      private void RaisePropertyChanged(string property) {
         if (PropertyChanged != null) {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property));
         } 
      } 
   } 
}

步骤 4 − 将另一个 StudentViewModel 类添加到 ViewModel 文件夹中并粘贴以下代码。

using MVVMDemo.Model; 
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace MVVMDemo.ViewModel { 

   public class StudentViewModel { 
	
      public ObservableCollection<Student> Students { 
         get; 
         set; 
      }
		
      public void LoadStudents() { 
         ObservableCollection<Student> students = new ObservableCollection<Student>();
				
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Mark", LastName = "Allain" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Allen", LastName = "Brown" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Linda", LastName = "Hamerski" }); 
			
         Students = students; 
      } 
   } 
}

步骤 5 − 右键单击​​"Views"文件夹并选择"添加">"新项目…"，添加新的用户控件 (WPF)

步骤 6 − 单击"添加"按钮。现在您将看到 XAML 文件。将以下代码添加到包含不同 UI 元素的 StudentView.xaml 文件中。

<UserControl x:Class = "MVVMDemo.Views.StudentView" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   d:DesignHeight = "300" d:DesignWidth = "300">
	
   <Grid> 
      <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment = "Left"> 
		
         <ItemsControl ItemsSource = "{Binding Path = Students}">
			
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> 
               <DataTemplate> 
                  <StackPanel Orientation = "Horizontal">
                     <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = FirstName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "3 5 3 5"/>
								
                     <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = LastName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "0 5 3 5"/>
								
                     <TextBlock Text = "{Binding Path = FullName, Mode = OneWay}" 
                        Margin = "0 5 3 5"/>
								
                  </StackPanel> 
               </DataTemplate> 
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> 
				
         </ItemsControl> 
			
      </StackPanel> 
   </Grid> 
	
</UserControl>

步骤 7 − 现在使用以下代码将 StudentView 添加到您的 MainPage.xaml 文件中。

<Window x:Class = "MVVMDemo.MainWindow"
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo"
   xmlns:views = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views"
   mc:Ignorable = "d"
   Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "525">
	
   <Grid>
      <views:StudentView x:Name = "StudentViewControl" Loaded = "StudentViewControl_Loaded"/>
   </Grid>
	
</Window>

步骤 8 − 这是 MainPage.xaml.cs 文件中 Loaded 事件的实现，它将从 ViewModel 更新 View。

using System.Windows;

namespace MVVMDemo {

   /// <summary>
      /// Interaction logic for MainWindow.xaml
   /// </summary>
	
   public partial class MainWindow : Window {
	
      public MainWindow() {
         InitializeComponent();
      }
		
      private void StudentViewControl_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) {
         MVVMDemo.ViewModel.StudentViewModel studentViewModelObject = 
            new MVVMDemo.ViewModel.StudentViewModel();
         studentViewModelObject.LoadStudents();
			
         StudentViewControl.DataContext = studentViewModelObject;
      }
   }
}

步骤 9 − 编译并执行上述代码后，您将在主窗口上收到以下输出。

为了更好地理解，我们建议您逐步执行上述示例。