MVVM – 连接视图

在本章中，我们将介绍将视图连接到 ViewModel 的不同方法。首先，让我们先看一下 View 的第一个构造，我们可以在 XAML 中声明它。正如我们在上一章中看到的示例一样，我们从主窗口连接了一个视图。现在我们将看到连接视图的其他方法。

我们也将在本章中使用相同的示例。以下是相同的 Model 类实现。

using System.ComponentModel;

namespace MVVMDemo.Model {
 
   public class StudentModel {} 
	
   public class Student : INotifyPropertyChanged { 
      private string firstName; 
      private string lastName;
		
      public string FirstName { 
         get { return firstName; }
			
         set { 
            if (firstName != value) { 
               firstName = value; 
               RaisePropertyChanged("FirstName");
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName"); 
            } 
         } 
      }
	
      public string LastName {
         get { return lastName; } 
			
         set { 
            if (lastName != value) { 
               lastName = value; 
               RaisePropertyChanged("LastName");
               RaisePropertyChanged("FullName"); 
            } 
         } 
      }
	
      public string FullName { 
         get { 
            return firstName + " " + lastName; 
         } 
      }
	
      public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
	
      private void RaisePropertyChanged(string property) { 
         if (PropertyChanged != null) { 
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property)); 
         } 
      } 
   }  
}

以下是 ViewModel 类的实现。这次在默认构造函数中调用了 LoadStudents 方法。

using MVVMDemo.Model; 
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;

namespace MVVMDemo.ViewModel{ 

   public class StudentViewModel { 
	
      public StudentViewModel() { 
         LoadStudents(); 
      } 
		
      public ObservableCollection<Student> Students { 
         get; 
         set; 
      }
		
      public void LoadStudents() { 
         ObservableCollection<Student> students = new ObservableCollection<Student>();
			
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Mark", LastName = "Allain" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Allen", LastName = "Brown" }); 
         students.Add(new Student { FirstName = "Linda", LastName = "Hamerski" }); 
			
         Students = students; 
      } 
   } 
}

无论视图是窗口、用户控件还是页面，解析器通常都是从上到下、从左到右工作。当遇到每个元素时，它会调用其默认构造函数。有两种方法可以构造视图。您可以使用其中任何一种。

• 在 XAML 中查看第一个构造
• 在代码隐藏中查看第一个构造

在 XAML 中查看第一个构造

一种方法是简单地将您的 ViewModel 作为嵌套元素添加到 DataContext 属性的设置器中，如以下代码所示。

<UserControl.DataContext> 
   <viewModel:StudentViewModel/> 
</UserControl.DataContext>

Here is the complete View XAML file.

<UserControl x:Class="MVVMDemo.Views.StudentView"
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views"
   xmlns:viewModel = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.ViewModel"
   mc:Ignorable = "d"
   d:DesignHeight = "300" d:DesignWidth = "300">
	
   <UserControl.DataContext>
      <viewModel:StudentViewModel/>
   </UserControl.DataContext>
	
   <Grid> 
      <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment = "Left"> 
         <ItemsControl ItemsSource = "{Binding Path = Students}">
			
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> 
               <DataTemplate> 
					
                  <StackPanel Orientation = "Horizontal"> 
                     <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = FirstName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "3 5 3 5"/> 
								
                      <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = LastName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "0 5 3 5"/>
								
                     <TextBlock Text = "{Binding Path = FullName, Mode = OneWay}" 
                        Margin = "0 5 3 5"/> 
								
                  </StackPanel> 
						
               </DataTemplate> 
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
				
         </ItemsControl> 
      </StackPanel> 
   </Grid> 
	
</UserControl>

在代码隐藏中首先构建视图

另一种方法是，您可以通过在视图的后台代码中自己构建视图模型，并使用实例设置 DataContext 属性来获得视图的首先构建。

通常，DataContext 属性是在视图的构造函数方法中设置的，但您也可以将构建推迟到视图的 Load 事件触发时。

using System.Windows.Controls;

namespace MVVMDemo.Views {
 
   /// <summary> 
      /// Interaction logic for StudentView.xaml 
   /// </summary> 
	
   public partial class StudentView : UserControl { 
      public StudentView() { 
         InitializeComponent(); 
         this.DataContext = new MVVMDemo.ViewModel.StudentViewModel(); 
      } 
   } 
}

在 Code-behind 中而不是 XAML 中构建视图模型的一个原因是，视图模型构造函数需要参数，但 XAML 解析只能在默认构造函数中定义元素时才可以构建元素。

现在，在这种情况下，View 的 XAML 文件将如以下代码所示。

<UserControl x:Class = "MVVMDemo.Views.StudentView" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   d:DesignHeight = "300" 
   d:DesignWidth = "300">
	
   <Grid> 
      <StackPanel HorizontalAlignment = "Left"> 
         <ItemsControl ItemsSource = "{Binding Path = Students}"> 
			
            <ItemsControl.ItemTemplate> 
               <DataTemplate> 
					
                  <StackPanel Orientation = "Horizontal"<
                     <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = FirstName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "3 5 3 5"/> 
								
                     <TextBox Text = "{Binding Path = LastName, Mode = TwoWay}" 
                        Width = "100" Margin = "0 5 3 5"/> 
								
                     <TextBlock Text = "{Binding Path = FullName, Mode = OneWay}" 
                        Margin = "0 5 3 5"/> 
								
                  </StackPanel> 
						
               </DataTemplate> 
            </ItemsControl.ItemTemplate>
				
         </ItemsControl> 
      </StackPanel> 
   </Grid>
	
</UserControl>

您可以在 MainWindow 中声明此 View，如 MainWindow.XAML 文件中所示。

<Window x:Class = "MVVMDemo.MainWindow" 
   xmlns = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
   xmlns:x = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
   xmlns:d = "http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008" 
   xmlns:mc = "http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006" 
   xmlns:local = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo" 
   xmlns:views = "clr-namespace:MVVMDemo.Views" 
   mc:Ignorable = "d" 
   Title = "MainWindow" Height = "350" Width = "525"> 
	
   <Grid> 
      <views:StudentView x:Name = "StudentViewControl"/> 
   </Grid> 
	
</Window>

当上述代码编译并执行后，您将在主窗口上看到以下输出。

为了更好地理解，我们建议您逐步执行上述示例。