SQLite - UNION 子句
SQLite UNION 子句/运算符用于组合两个或多个 SELECT 语句的结果,而不返回任何重复的行。
要使用 UNION,每个 SELECT 必须选择相同数量的列、相同数量的列表达式、相同的数据类型,并且它们的顺序相同,但它们不必具有相同的长度。
语法
以下是 UNION 的基本语法。
SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition] UNION SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition]
这里给定的条件可以是根据您的要求的任何给定表达式。
示例
考虑以下两个表,(a) COMPANY 表如下 −
sqlite> select * from COMPANY; ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Paul 32 California 20000.0 2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0 3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0 4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0 5 David 27 Texas 85000.0 6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0 7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
(b) 另一个表是 DEPARTMENT 如下 −
ID DEPT EMP_ID ---------- -------------------- ---------- 1 IT Billing 1 2 Engineering 2 3 Finance 7 4 Engineering 3 5 Finance 4 6 Engineering 5 7 Finance 6
现在让我们使用 SELECT 语句和 UNION 子句连接这两个表,如下所示 −
sqlite> SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY INNER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID UNION SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY LEFT OUTER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID;
这将产生以下结果。
EMP_ID NAME DEPT ---------- -------------------- ---------- 1 Paul IT Billing 2 Allen Engineering 3 Teddy Engineering 4 Mark Finance 5 David Engineering 6 Kim Finance 7 James Finance
UNION ALL 子句
UNION ALL 运算符用于合并两个 SELECT 语句的结果,包括重复行。
适用于 UNION 的相同规则也适用于 UNION ALL 运算符。
语法
Following is the basic syntax of UNION ALL.
SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition] UNION ALL SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition]
这里给定的条件可以是根据您的要求的任何给定表达式。
示例
现在,让我们在 SELECT 语句中加入上述两个表,如下所示 −
sqlite> SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY INNER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID UNION ALL SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY LEFT OUTER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID;
这将产生以下结果。
EMP_ID NAME DEPT ---------- -------------------- ---------- 1 Paul IT Billing 2 Allen Engineering 3 Teddy Engineering 4 Mark Finance 5 David Engineering 6 Kim Finance 7 James Finance 1 Paul IT Billing 2 Allen Engineering 3 Teddy Engineering 4 Mark Finance 5 David Engineering 6 Kim Finance 7 James Finance