Spring Boot - Apache Kafka

Apache Kafka 是一个开源项目，用于发布和订阅基于容错消息系统的消息。 它是快速的、可扩展的和分布式的设计。 如果你是 Kafka 的初学者，或者想进一步了解它，请参考这个链接 − /apache_kafka/

在本章中，我们将了解如何在 Spring Boot 应用程序中实现 Apache Kafka。

首先，我们需要在构建配置文件中添加 Spring Kafka 依赖项。

Maven 用户可以在 pom.xml 文件中添加以下依赖项。

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
   <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
   <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

Gradle 用户可以在 build.gradle 文件中添加以下依赖项。

compile group: 'org.springframework.kafka', name: 'spring-kafka', version: '2.1.0.RELEASE'

生成消息

要将消息生成到 Apache Kafka，我们需要为 Producer 配置定义 Configuration 类，如图所示 −

package com.tutorialspoint.kafkademo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.producer.ProducerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringSerializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaProducerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ProducerFactory;

@Configuration
public class KafkaProducerConfig {
   @Bean
   public ProducerFactory<String, String> producerFactory() {
      Map<String, Object> configProps = new HashMap<>();
      configProps.put(ProducerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:9092");
      configProps.put(ProducerConfig.KEY_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
      configProps.put(ProducerConfig.VALUE_SERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringSerializer.class);
      return new DefaultKafkaProducerFactory<>(configProps);
   }
   @Bean
   public KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate() {
      return new KafkaTemplate<>(producerFactory());
   }
}

要发布消息，请自动连接 Kafka 模板对象并生成如图所示的消息。

@Autowired
private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;
 
public void sendMessage(String msg) {
   kafkaTemplate.send(topicName, msg);
}   

消费消息

要消费消息，我们需要编写一个 Consumer 配置类文件，如下所示。

package com.tutorialspoint.kafkademo;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerConfig;
import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.EnableKafka;
import org.springframework.kafka.config.ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.ConsumerFactory;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory;

@EnableKafka
@Configuration
public class KafkaConsumerConfig {
   @Bean
   public ConsumerFactory<String, String> consumerFactory() {
      Map<String, Object> props = new HashMap<>();
      props.put(ConsumerConfig.BOOTSTRAP_SERVERS_CONFIG, "localhost:2181");
      props.put(ConsumerConfig.GROUP_ID_CONFIG, "group-id");
      props.put(ConsumerConfig.KEY_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
      props.put(ConsumerConfig.VALUE_DESERIALIZER_CLASS_CONFIG, StringDeserializer.class);
      return new DefaultKafkaConsumerFactory<>(props);
   }
   @Bean
   public ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> kafkaListenerContainerFactory() {
      ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<String, String> 
      factory = new ConcurrentKafkaListenerContainerFactory<>();
      factory.setConsumerFactory(consumerFactory());
      return factory;
   }
}      

接下来，编写一个 Listener 来收听消息。

@KafkaListener(topics = "tutorialspoint", groupId = "group-id")
public void listen(String message) {
   System.out.println("Received Messasge in group - group-id: " + message);
}

让我们从主 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件中调用 ApplicationRunner 类的 run 方法中的 sendMessage() 方法，并使用同一类文件中的消息。

您的主要 Spring Boot 应用程序类文件代码如下所示 −

package com.tutorialspoint.kafkademo;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationArguments;
import org.springframework.boot.ApplicationRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.kafka.annotation.KafkaListener;
import org.springframework.kafka.core.KafkaTemplate;

@SpringBootApplication
public class KafkaDemoApplication implements ApplicationRunner {
   @Autowired
   private KafkaTemplate<String, String> kafkaTemplate;

   public void sendMessage(String msg) {
      kafkaTemplate.send("tutorialspoint", msg);
   }
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      SpringApplication.run(KafkaDemoApplication.class, args);
   }
   @KafkaListener(topics = "tutorialspoint", groupId = "group-id")
   public void listen(String message) {
      System.out.println("Received Messasge in group - group-id: " + message);
   }
   @Override
   public void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception {
      sendMessage("Hi Welcome to Spring For Apache Kafka");
   }
}

下面给出了完整构建配置文件的代码。

Maven – pom.xml

<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
   xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
   <groupId>com.tutorialspoint</groupId>
   <artifactId>kafka-demo</artifactId>
   <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
   <packaging>jar</packaging>
   <name>kafka-demo</name>
   <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

   <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.5.9.RELEASE</version>
      <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
   </parent>

   <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
      <java.version>1.8</java.version>
   </properties>

   <dependencies>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.kafka</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-kafka</artifactId>
         <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
         <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
         <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>
   </dependencies>

   <build>
      <plugins>
         <plugin>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
         </plugin>
      </plugins>
   </build>
   
</project>

Gradle – build.gradle

buildscript {
   ext {
      springBootVersion = '1.5.9.RELEASE'
   }
   repositories {
      mavenCentral()
   }
   dependencies {
      classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:${springBootVersion}")
   }
}

apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'

group = 'com.tutorialspoint'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = 1.8

repositories {
   mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
   compile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter')
   compile group: 'org.springframework.kafka', name: 'spring-kafka', version: '2.1.0.RELEASE'
   testCompile('org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test')
}   

现在，创建一个可执行的 JAR 文件，并使用以下 Maven 或 Gradle 命令运行 Spring Boot 应用程序，如图所示 −

对于 Maven，使用如图所示的命令 −

mvn clean install

在“BUILD SUCCESS”之后，您可以在目标目录下找到 JAR 文件。

对于 Gradle，使用如图所示的命令 −

gradle clean build

在“BUILD SUCCESSFUL”之后，您可以在 build/libs 目录下找到 JAR 文件。

使用此处给出的命令运行 JAR 文件 −

java –jar <JARFILE> 

您可以在控制台窗口中看到输出。