F# - 可变数据
F# 中的变量是不可变的,这意味着一旦变量绑定到值,就无法更改。 它们实际上被编译为静态只读属性。
以下示例演示了这一点。
示例
let x = 10 let y = 20 let z = x + y printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z let x = 15 let y = 20 let z = x + y printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z
编译并执行程序时,显示以下错误消息 −
Duplicate definition of value 'x' Duplicate definition of value 'Y' Duplicate definition of value 'Z'
可变变量
有时您需要更改存储在变量中的值。 为了指定在程序的后续部分可以更改声明和分配的变量的值,F# 提供了 mutable 关键字。 您可以使用此关键字声明和分配可变变量,您将更改其值。
mutable 关键字允许您在可变变量中声明和赋值。
您可以使用 let 关键字为可变变量分配一些初始值。 但是,要为其分配新的后续值,您需要使用 <- 运算符。
例如,
let mutable x = 10 x <- 15
下面的例子将阐明这个概念 −
示例
let mutable x = 10 let y = 20 let mutable z = x + y printfn "Original Values:" printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z printfn "Let us change the value of x" printfn "Value of z will change too." x <- 15 z <- x + y printfn "New Values:" printfn "x: %i" x printfn "y: %i" y printfn "z: %i" z
当您编译并执行该程序时,它会产生以下输出 −
Original Values: x: 10 y: 20 z: 30 Let us change the value of x Value of z will change too. New Values: x: 15 y: 20 z: 35
可变数据的使用
数据处理中经常需要和使用可变数据,特别是记录数据结构。 下面的例子演示了这一点 −
open System type studentData = { ID : int; mutable IsRegistered : bool; mutable RegisteredText : string; } let getStudent id = { ID = id; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null; } let registerStudents (students : studentData list) = students |> List.iter(fun st -> st.IsRegistered <- true st.RegisteredText <- sprintf "Registered %s" (DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss")) Threading.Thread.Sleep(1000) (* Putting thread to sleep for 1 second to simulate processing overhead. *)) let printData (students : studentData list) = students |> List.iter (fun x -> printfn "%A" x) let main() = let students = List.init 3 getStudent printfn "Before Process:" printData students printfn "After process:" registerStudents students printData students Console.ReadKey(true) |> ignore main()
当您编译并执行该程序时,它会产生以下输出 −
Before Process: {ID = 0; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null;} {ID = 1; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null;} {ID = 2; IsRegistered = false; RegisteredText = null;} After process: {ID = 0; IsRegistered = true; RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:15";} {ID = 1; IsRegistered = true; RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:16";} {ID = 2; IsRegistered = true; RegisteredText = "Registered 05:39:17";}