Zend Framework - 工作示例
在本章中,我们将学习如何在 Zend Framework 中创建一个完整的基于 MVC 的员工应用程序。请按照以下步骤操作。
步骤 1:Module.php
首先,我们应该在 – myapp/module/Employee/src/ 目录中创建一个 Employee 模块,然后实现 ConfigProviderInterface 接口。
Module 类的完整代码如下 −
<?php namespace Employee; use Zend\ModuleManager\Feature\ConfigProviderInterface; class Module implements ConfigProviderInterface { public function getConfig() { return include __DIR__ . '/../config/module.config.php'; } }
步骤 2:composer.json
使用以下代码在 autoload 部分下的 composer.json 中配置 Tutorial 模块。
"autoload": { "psr-4": { "Application\": "module/Application/src/", "Tutorial\": "module/Tutorial/src/", "Employee\": "module/Employee/src/" } }
现在,使用 composer update 命令更新应用程序。
composer update
Composer 命令将对应用程序进行必要的更改,并显示日志,如下面的命令提示符所示。
Loading composer repositories with package information Updating dependencies (including require-dev) - Removing zendframework/zend-component-installer (0.3.0) - Installing zendframework/zend-component-installer (0.3.1) Downloading: 100% - Removing zendframework/zend-stdlib (3.0.1) - Installing zendframework/zend-stdlib (3.1.0) Loading from cache - Removing zendframework/zend-eventmanager (3.0.1) - Installing zendframework/zend-eventmanager (3.1.0) Downloading: 100% - Removing zendframework/zend-view (2.8.0) - Installing zendframework/zend-view (2.8.1) Loading from cache - Removing zendframework/zend-servicemanager (3.1.0) - Installing zendframework/zend-servicemanager (3.2.0) Downloading: 100% - Removing zendframework/zend-escaper (2.5.1) - Installing zendframework/zend-escaper (2.5.2) Loading from cache - Removing zendframework/zend-http (2.5.4) - Installing zendframework/zend-http (2.5.5) Loading from cache - Removing zendframework/zend-mvc (3.0.1) - Installing zendframework/zend-mvc (3.0.4) Downloading: 100% - Removing phpunit/phpunit (5.7.4) - Installing phpunit/phpunit (5.7.5) Downloading: 100% Writing lock file Generating autoload files
步骤 3:员工模块的 module.config.php
使用以下代码在 myapp/module/Employee/config 下创建模块配置文件"module.config.php"。
<?php namespace Employee; use Zend\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory; use Zend\Router\Http\Segment; return [ 'controllers' => [ 'factories' => [ Controller\EmployeeController::class => InvokableFactory::class, ], ], 'view_manager' => [ 'template_path_stack' => ['employee' => __DIR__ . '/../view',], ], ];
现在,在应用程序级配置文件 myapp/config/modules.config.php 中配置 Employee 模块。
return ['Zend\Router', 'Zend\Validator', 'Application', 'Tutorial', 'Employee'];
步骤 4:EmployeeController
通过扩展 AbstractActionController 创建一个新的 PHP 类 EmployeeController,并将其放在 myapp/module/Employee/src/Controller 目录中。
完整的代码清单如下 −
<?php namespace Employee\Controller; use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController { public function indexAction() { return new ViewModel(); } }
步骤 5:路由器配置
让我们在员工模块中添加一个段路由。更新员工模块配置文件 module.config.php,位于 myapp/module/Employee/config。
<?php namespace Employee; use Zend\ServiceManager\Factory\InvokableFactory; use Zend\Router\Http\Segment; return [ 'controllers' => [ 'factories' => [ Controller\EmployeeController::class => InvokableFactory::class, ], ], 'router' => [ 'routes' => [ 'employee' => [ 'type' => Segment::class, 'options' => [ 'route' => '/employee[/:action[/:id]]', 'constraints' => [ 'action' => '[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_-]*', 'id' => '[0-9]+', ], 'defaults' => [ 'controller' => Controller\EmployeeController::class, 'action' => 'index', ], ], ], ], ], 'view_manager' => [ 'template_path_stack' => [ 'employee' => __DIR__ . '/../view', ], ], ];
我们已成功为员工模块添加了路由。下一步是为员工应用程序创建视图脚本。
步骤 6:创建 ViewModel
在 myapp/module/Employee/view/employee/employee 目录下创建一个名为"index.phtml"的文件。
在文件中添加以下更改 −
<div class = "row content"> <h3>This is my first Zend application</h3> </div> Move to "EmployeeController.php" file and edit the following changes, <?php namespace Employee\Controller; use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController { public function indexAction() { return new ViewModel(); } }
最后,我们成功完成了 Employee 模块。我们可以使用以下 URL &minus; http://localhost:8080/employee 访问它。
结果
在下一步中,我们将在员工应用程序中执行添加、编辑和删除数据操作。要执行这些操作,我们首先应该创建一个数据库模型。它将在下一步中描述。
步骤 7:创建模型
让我们在模块src 目录中创建一个模型 Employee。通常,模型分组在 Model 文件夹下 (myapp/module/Employee/src/Model/Employee.php)
<?php namespace Employee\Model; class Employee { public $id; public $emp_name; public $emp_job; }
步骤 8:MySQL 表
使用以下命令在本地 MYSQL 服务器中创建一个名为 tutorials 的数据库 −
create database tutorials;
让我们使用以下 SQL 命令在数据库中创建一个名为 employee 的表 −
use tutorials; CREATE TABLE employee ( id int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, emp_name varchar(100) NOT NULL, emp_job varchar(100) NOT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (id) );
使用以下查询将数据插入 employee 表中 −
INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('Adam', 'Tutor'); INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('Bruce', 'Programmer'); INSERT INTO employee (emp_name, emp_job) VALUES ('David', 'Designer');
步骤 9:更新数据库配置
使用必要的数据库驱动器信息更新全局配置文件 myapp/config/autoload/global.php。
return [ 'db' => [ 'driver' => 'Pdo', 'dsn' => 'mysql:dbname = tutorials;host=localhost', 'driver_options' => [PDO::MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND => 'SET NAMES \'UTF8\''], ], ];
现在,更新本地配置文件中的数据库凭据 – myapp/config/autoload/local.php。这样,我们可以分离本地和实时数据库连接凭据。
<?php return array( 'db' => array('username' => '<user_name>', 'password' => '<password>',), );
步骤 10:实现 exchangeArray
在 Employee 模型中实现 exchangeArray 函数。
<?php namespace Employee\Model; class Employee { public $id; public $emp_name; public $emp_job; public function exchangeArray($data) { $this->id = (!empty($data['id'])) ? $data['id'] : null; $this->emp_name = (!empty($data['emp_name'])) ? $data['emp_name'] : null; $this->emp_job = (!empty($data['emp_job'])) ? $data['emp_job'] : null; } }
步骤 11:使用 TableGateway 获取员工数据
在 Model 文件夹本身中创建类 EmployeeTable。它在以下代码块中定义。
<?php namespace Employee\Model; use Zend\Db\TableGateway\TableGatewayInterface; class EmployeeTable { protected $tableGateway; public function __construct(TableGatewayInterface $tableGateway) { $this->tableGateway = $tableGateway; } public function fetchAll() { $resultSet = $this->tableGateway->select(); return $resultSet; } }
步骤 12:配置 EmployeeTable 类
使用 getServiceConfig() 方法更新 Module.php 中的员工服务
<?php namespace Employee; use Zend\Db\Adapter\AdapterInterface; use Zend\Db\ResultSet\ResultSet; use Zend\Db\TableGateway\TableGateway; use Zend\ModuleManager\Feature\ConfigProviderInterface; class Module implements ConfigProviderInterface { public function getConfig() { return include __DIR__ . '/../config/module.config.php'; } public function getServiceConfig() { return [ 'factories' => [ Model\EmployeeTable::class => function ( $container) { $tableGateway = $container>get( Model\EmployeeTableGateway::class); $table = new Model\EmployeeTable($tableGateway); return $table; }, Model\EmployeeTableGateway::class => function ($container) { $dbAdapter = $container->get(AdapterInterface::class); $resultSetPrototype = new ResultSet(); $resultSetPrototype->setArrayObjectPrototype(new Model\Employee()); return new TableGateway('employee', $dbAdapter, null, $resultSetPrototype); }, ], ]; } }
步骤 13:在控制器中添加员工服务
更新 − myapp/module/config/module.config.php 中员工模块配置的控制器部分,如下所示。
'controllers' => [ 'factories' => [ Controller\EmployeeController::class => function($container) { return new Controller\EmployeeController( $container->get(Model\EmployeeTable::class) ); }, ], ]
步骤 14:为 EmployeeController 添加构造函数
添加以 EmployeeTable 作为参数的构造函数并编辑以下更改。
<?php namespace Employee\Controller; use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; use Employee\Model\Employee; use Employee\Model\EmployeeTable; class EmployeeController extends AbstractActionController { private $table; public function __construct(EmployeeTable $table) { $this->table = $table; } public function indexAction() { $view = new ViewModel([ 'data' => $this->table->fetchAll(), ]); return $view; } }
步骤 15:在视图脚本"index.phtml"中显示员工信息
移至文件 − index.phtml 并进行以下更改 −
<?php $title = 'Employee application'; $this->headTitle($title); ?> <table class="table"> <tr> <th>Employee Name</th> <th>Employee Job</th> <th>Edit/Delete operations</th> </tr> <?php foreach ($data as $empdata) : ?> <tr> <td><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($empdata->emp_name);?></td> <td><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($empdata->emp_job);?></td> <td> <a href="<?php echo $this->url('employee', array('action'=>'edit', 'id' =>$empdata->id));?>">Edit</a> <a href="<?php echo $this->url('employee', array('action'=>'delete', 'id' => $empdata->id));?>">Delete</a> </td> </tr> <?php endforeach; ?> </table>
现在我们已经成功创建了数据库模型,并且可以在应用程序中获取记录。
使用 URL − http://localhost:8080/employee 请求应用程序。
结果
下一步介绍员工模块中的插入、编辑和删除数据操作。
步骤 16:创建员工表单
在 myapp/module/Employee/src/Form 目录中创建一个名为 EmployeeForm.php 的文件。它在下面的代码块中描述。
<?php namespace Employee\Form; use Zend\Form\Form; class EmployeeForm extends Form { public function __construct($name = null) { / / we want to ignore the name passed parent::__construct('employee'); $this->add(array( 'name' => 'id', 'type' => 'Hidden', )); $this->add(array( 'name' => 'emp_name', 'type' => 'Text', 'options' => array( 'label' => 'Name', ), )); $this->add(array( 'name' => 'emp_job', 'type' => 'Text', 'options' => array( 'label' => 'Job', ), )); $this->add(array( 'name' => 'submit', 'type' => 'Submit', 'attributes' => array( 'value' => 'Go', 'id' => 'submitbutton', ), )); } }
步骤 17:更新员工模型
更新员工模型并实现 InputFilterAwareInterface。移至目录 myapp/module/Employee/src/Employee/Model 并在 Employee.phpfile 中添加以下更改。
<?php namespace Employee\Model; // 添加这些导入语句 use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilter; use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterAwareInterface; use Zend\InputFilter\InputFilterInterface; class Employee implements InputFilterAwareInterface { public $id; public $emp_name; public $emp_job; protected $inputFilter; public function exchangeArray($data) { $this->id = (isset($data['id'])) ? $data['id'] : null; $this->emp_name = (isset($data['emp_name'])) ? $data['emp_name'] : null; $this->emp_job = (isset($data['emp_job'])) ? $data['emp_job'] : null; } // 向这些方法添加内容: public function setInputFilter(InputFilterInterface $inputFilter) { throw new \Exception("Not used"); } public function getInputFilter() { if (!$this->inputFilter) { $inputFilter = new InputFilter(); $inputFilter->add(array( 'name' => 'id', 'required' => true, 'filters' => array( array('name' => 'Int'), ), )); $inputFilter->add(array( 'name' => 'emp_name', 'required' => true, 'filters' => array( array('name' => 'StripTags'), array('name' => 'StringTrim'), ), 'validators' => array( array('name' => 'StringLength', 'options' => array( 'encoding' => 'UTF-8', 'min' => 1, 'max' => 50, ), ), ), )); $inputFilter->add(array( 'name' => 'emp_job', 'required' => true, 'filters' => array( array('name' => 'StripTags'), array('name' => 'StringTrim'), ), 'validators' => array( array('name' => 'StringLength', 'options' => array( 'encoding' => 'UTF-8', 'min' => 1, 'max' => 50, ), ), ), )); $this->inputFilter = $inputFilter; } return $this->inputFilter; } }
步骤 18:在 Employee Controller 中添加 addAction
在 EmployeeController 类中添加以下更改。
<?php use Zend\Mvc\Controller\AbstractActionController; use Zend\View\Model\ViewModel; use Employee\Model\Employee; use Employee\Model\EmployeeTable; use Employee\Form\EmployeeForm; public function addAction() { $form = new EmployeeForm(); $form->get('submit')->setValue('Add'); $request = $this->getRequest(); if ($request->isPost()) { $employee = new Employee(); $form->setInputFilter($employee->getInputFilter()); $form->setData($request->getPost()); if ($form->isValid()) { $employee->exchangeArray($form->getData()); $this->table->saveEmployee($employee); // Redirect to list of employees return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee'); } } return array('form' => $form); }
步骤 19:在 EmployeeTable 类中添加保存功能
在 EmployeeTable 类中添加以下两个函数 - myapp/module/Employee/src/Model/EmployeeTable.php
public function getEmployee($id) { $id = (int) $id; $rowset = $this->tableGateway->select(array('id' => $id)); $row = $rowset->current(); if (!$row) { throw new \Exception("Could not find row $id"); } return $row; } public function saveEmployee(Employee $employee) { $data = array ( 'emp_name' => $employee->emp_name, 'emp_job' => $employee->emp_job, ); $id = (int) $employee->id; if ($id == 0) { $this->tableGateway->insert($data); } else { if ($this->getEmployee($id)) { $this->tableGateway->update($data, array('id' => $id)); } else { throw new \Exception('Employee id does not exist'); } } }
步骤 20:为 AddAction 方法创建视图脚本 Add.phtml
在 − myapp/module/view/employee/employee 中的"Add.phtml"文件中添加以下更改。
<?php $title = 'Add new employee'; $this->headTitle($title); ?> <h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1> <?php $form->setAttribute('action', $this->url('employee', array('action' => 'add'))); $form->prepare(); echo $this->form()->openTag($form); echo $this->formHidden($form->get('id')); echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_name'))."<br>"; echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_job'))."<br>"; echo $this->formSubmit($form->get('submit')); echo $this->form()->closeTag(); Request the application using the url, http://localhost:8080/employee/add
结果
添加数据后,将重定向到主页。
步骤 21:编辑员工记录
让我们在员工模块中执行编辑数据操作。在 Employeecontroller.php 中更新以下更改。
public function editAction() { $id = (int) $this->params()->fromRoute('id', 0); if (!$id) { return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee', array( 'action' => 'add' )); } try { $employee = $this->table->getEmployee($id); } catch (\Exception $ex) { return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee', array( 'action' => 'index' )); } $form = new EmployeeForm(); $form->bind($employee); $form->get('submit')->setAttribute('value', 'Edit'); $request = $this->getRequest(); if ($request->isPost()) { $form->setInputFilter($employee->getInputFilter()); $form->setData($request->getPost()); if ($form->isValid()) { $this->table->saveEmployee($employee); // Redirect to list of employees return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee'); } } return array('id' => $id, 'form' => $form,); }
在这里,我们查找匹配的路由中的 id,然后加载员工详细信息以进行编辑操作。
步骤 22:Employee.php
现在在"Employee.php"文件中添加以下更改,该文件位于 − myapp/module/Employee/src/Employee/Model/ 目录中。
public function getArrayCopy() { return get_object_vars($this); }
在这里,Zend\Stdlib\Hydrator\ArraySerializable 期望在模型中找到两个方法:getArrayCopy() 和 exchangeArray()。
其中,exchangeArray() 用于迭代。此函数用于绑定员工表中的数据。
现在,我们需要为 editAction() 创建一个视图脚本。
步骤 23:创建 Edit.phtml
在 module/Employee/view/employee/employee/edit.phtml 中创建一个视图脚本文件
<?php $title = 'Edit employee records'; $this->headTitle($title); ?> <h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1> <?php $form = $this->form; $form->setAttribute('action', $this->url( 'employee', array('action' => 'edit', 'id' => $this->id,) )); $form->prepare(); echo $this->form()->openTag($form); echo $this->formHidden($form->get('id')); echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_name'))."<br>"; echo $this->formRow($form->get('emp_job'))."<br>"; echo $this->formSubmit($form->get('submit')); echo $this->form()->closeTag();
编辑员工详细信息如下图所示。
编辑数据后,将重定向到主页。
步骤 24:添加 deleteEmployee 方法
在 EmployeeTable 类中添加 deleteEmployee 方法 – myapp/module/Employee/src/Model/EmployeeTable.php
public function deleteEmployee($id) { $this->tableGateway->delete(['id' => (int) $id]); }
步骤 25:删除员工记录
现在让我们在员工模块中执行删除数据操作。在 EmployeeController 类中添加以下方法 deleteAction。
public function deleteAction() { $id = (int) $this->params()->fromRoute('id', 0); if (!$id) { return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee'); } $request = $this->getRequest(); if ($request->isPost()) { $del = $request->getPost('del', 'No'); if ($del == 'Yes') { $id = (int) $request->getPost('id'); $this->table->deleteEmployee($id); } return $this->redirect()->toRoute('employee'); } return array( 'id' => $id, 'employee' => $this->table->getEmployee($id) ); }
此处,deleteEmployee() 方法根据员工的 id 删除员工,并重定向到员工列表页面(主页)。
现在让我们为 deleteAction() 方法创建相应的视图脚本。
步骤 26:创建视图脚本
在 − myapp/module/Employee/view/employee/employee/delete.phtml 中创建名为 delete.phtml 的文件,并在其中添加以下代码。
<?php $title = 'Delete an employee record'; $this->headTitle($title); ?> <h1><?php echo $this->escapeHtml($title); ?></h1> '<?php echo $this->escapeHtml($employee->emp_name); ?>' by '<?php echo $this->escapeHtml($employee->emp_job); ?&'? <?php $url = $this->url('employee', array('action' => 'delete', 'id' => $this->id,)); ?> <form action ="<?php echo $url; ?>" method = "post"> <div> <input type = "hidden" name = "id" value = "<?php echo (int) $employee->id; ?>" /> <input type = "submit" name = "del" value = "Yes" /> <input type = "submit" name = "del" value = "No" /> </div> </form>
现在,使用主页中的编辑链接删除任何员工,结果将如以下屏幕截图所示。
结果
我们已成功完成员工模块,并实现了所有必要的功能。
结论
在当前竞争环境中,Zend 框架被开发人员置于首位。它为 PHP 语言中的任何程序或任何类型的应用程序提供抽象。它是一个成熟的框架,支持现代 PHP 语言功能。它有趣、专业、不断发展并与当前技术保持同步。