Mockito - 监视
Mockito 提供了创建真实对象监视的选项。调用监视时,将调用真实对象的实际方法。
语法
//创建对实际对象的间谍 calcService = spy(calculator); //对实际对象执行操作 //测试添加功能 Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(20.0, 10.0),30.0,0);
示例
步骤 1 − 创建一个名为 CalculatorService 的接口来提供数学函数
文件:CalculatorService.java
public interface CalculatorService { public double add(double input1, double input2); public double subtract(double input1, double input2); public double multiply(double input1, double input2); public double divide(double input1, double input2); }
步骤 2 − 创建一个 JAVA 类来表示 MathApplication
文件:MathApplication.java
public class MathApplication { private CalculatorService calcService; public void setCalculatorService(CalculatorService calcService){ this.calcService = calcService; } public double add(double input1, double input2){ return calcService.add(input1, input2); } public double subtract(double input1, double input2){ return calcService.subtract(input1, input2); } public double multiply(double input1, double input2){ return calcService.multiply(input1, input2); } public double divide(double input1, double input2){ return calcService.divide(input1, input2); } }
步骤 3 − 测试 MathApplication 类
让我们通过在其中注入 calculatorService 的模拟来测试 MathApplication 类。模拟将由 Mockito 创建。
在这里,我们通过 when() 向模拟对象添加了一个模拟方法调用 add()。但是在测试期间,我们在调用 add() 之前调用了 subtract()。当我们使用 Mockito.createStrictMock() 创建模拟对象时,方法的执行顺序很重要。
文件:MathApplicationTester.java
import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy; import org.junit.Assert; import org.junit.Before; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner; // @RunWith 将运行器附加到测试类以初始化测试数据 @RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class) public class MathApplicationTester { private MathApplication mathApplication; private CalculatorService calcService; @Before public void setUp(){ mathApplication = new MathApplication(); Calculator calculator = new Calculator(); calcService = spy(calculator); mathApplication.setCalculatorService(calcService); } @Test public void testAdd(){ //对真实对象执行操作 //测试添加功能 Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(20.0, 10.0),30.0,0); } class Calculator implements CalculatorService { @Override public double add(double input1, double input2) { return input1 + input2; } @Override public double subtract(double input1, double input2) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!"); } @Override public double multiply(double input1, double input2) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!"); } @Override public double divide(double input1, double input2) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!"); } } }
步骤 4 − 执行测试用例
在 C:\> Mockito_WORKSPACE 中创建一个名为 TestRunner 的 Java 类文件来执行测试用例。
文件:TestRunner.java
import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore; import org.junit.runner.Result; import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure; public class TestRunner { public static void main(String[] args) { Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(MathApplicationTester.class); for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) { System.out.println(failure.toString()); } System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful()); } }
步骤 5 − 验证结果
使用 javac 编译器编译类,如下所示 −
C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>javac CalculatorService.java MathApplication. java MathApplicationTester.java TestRunner.java
现在运行测试运行器来查看结果 −
C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>java TestRunner
验证输出。
true