Mockito - 回调

Mockito 提供了一个 Answer 接口,允许使用通用接口进行存根。

语法

//add the behavior to add numbers
when(calcService.add(20.0,10.0)).thenAnswer(new Answer<Double>() {
   @Override
   public Double answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
      //获取传递给 mock 的参数
      Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
      //get the mock 
      Object mock = invocation.getMock();	
      //return the result
      return 30.0;
   }
});

示例

步骤 1 − 创建一个名为 CalculatorService 的接口来提供数学函数

文件:CalculatorService.java

public interface CalculatorService {
   public double add(double input1, double input2);
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2);
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2);
   public double divide(double input1, double input2);
}

步骤 2 − 创建一个 JAVA 类来表示 MathApplication

文件:MathApplication.java

public class MathApplication {
   private CalculatorService calcService;

   public void setCalculatorService(CalculatorService calcService){
      this.calcService = calcService;
   }
   
   public double add(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.add(input1, input2);		
   }
   
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.subtract(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.multiply(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double divide(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.divide(input1, input2);
   }
}

步骤 3 − 测试 MathApplication 类

让我们通过在其中注入 calculatorService 的模拟来测试 MathApplication 类。模拟将由 Mockito 创建。

在这里,我们通过 when() 向模拟对象添加了一个模拟方法调用 add()。但是在测试期间,我们在调用 add() 之前调用了 subtract()。当我们使用 Mockito.createStrictMock() 创建模拟对象时,方法的执行顺序很重要。

文件:MathApplicationTester.java

import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.inOrder;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.InOrder;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

// @RunWith 将运行器附加到测试类以初始化测试数据
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MathApplicationTester {
	
   private MathApplication mathApplication;
   private CalculatorService calcService;

   @Before
   public void setUp(){
      mathApplication = new MathApplication();
      calcService = mock(CalculatorService.class);
      mathApplication.setCalculatorService(calcService);
   }

   @Test
   public void testAdd(){

      //添加添加数字的行为
      when(calcService.add(20.0,10.0)).thenAnswer(new Answer<Double>() {

         @Override
         public Double answer(InvocationOnMock invocation) throws Throwable {
            //获取传递给 mock 的参数
            Object[] args = invocation.getArguments();
			
            //get the mock 
            Object mock = invocation.getMock();	
			
            //return the result
            return 30.0;
         }
      });

      //测试添加功能
      Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(20.0, 10.0),30.0,0);
   }
}

步骤 4 − 执行测试用例

C:\> Mockito_WORKSPACE 中创建一个名为 TestRunner 的 Java 类文件来执行测试用例。

文件:TestRunner.java

import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;

public class TestRunner {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(MathApplicationTester.class);
      
      for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
         System.out.println(failure.toString());
      }
      
      System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
   }
}  	

步骤 5 − 验证结果

使用 javac 编译器编译类,如下所示 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>javac CalculatorService.java MathApplication.
   java MathApplicationTester.java TestRunner.java

现在运行测试运行器来查看结果 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>java TestRunner

验证输出。

true