创建子报表
子报表是 JasperReports 的优秀功能之一。此功能允许将一个报表合并到另一个报表中,也就是说,一个报表可以是另一个报表的子报表。子报表帮助我们保持报表设计的简单性,因为我们可以创建许多简单的报表并将它们封装到主报表中。子报表的编译和填充方式与普通报表一样。任何报表模板在合并到另一个报表模板中时都可以用作子报表,而内部(报表模板)没有任何更改。
子报表与普通报表模板类似。它们实际上是 net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperReport 对象,是在编译 net.sf.jasperreports.engine.design.JasperDesign 对象 后获得的。
<subreport> 元素
<subreport>元素用于在主报表中引入子报表。以下是 <subreport> JRXML 元素中的子元素列表。
<reportElement>
<parametersMapExpression> − 用于将包含报表参数的映射传递给子报表。该映射通常从主报表中的参数获取,或者通过使用内置 REPORTS_PARAMETERS_MAP 参数将父报表的参数传递给子报表。此表达式应始终返回 java.util.Map 对象,其中的键是参数 名称。
<subreportParameter> − 此元素用于将参数传递给子报表。它有一个属性name,这是必需的。
<connectionExpression > − 这用于将java.sql.Connection传递给子报表。它仅在子报表模板在报表填充阶段需要数据库连接时使用。
<dataSourceExpression> − 这用于将数据源传递给子报表。此数据源通常从主报表中的参数获取,或通过使用内置的 REPORT_DATA_SOURCE 参数将父报表的数据源传递给子报表。
元素(connectionExpression 和 dataSourceExpression)不能同时出现在<subreport> 元素声明中。这是因为我们无法同时为子报表提供数据源和连接。我们必须决定其中之一并坚持下去。
<returnValue> − 这用于将子报表变量之一的值分配给主报表变量之一。此子元素具有以下属性 −
subreportVariable − 此属性指定要返回其值的子报表变量的名称。
toVariable − 此属性指定要使用子报表中的值复制/增加其值的父报表变量的名称。
calculation − 此属性可以采用以下值:Nothing、Count、DistinctCount、Sum、Average、Lowest、Highest、StandardDeviation、Variance。属性 calculation 的默认值为"Nothing"。
incrementerFactoryClass − 此属性指定用于创建增量器实例的工厂类。
<subreportExpression> −这表示在哪里可以找到子报表的已编译报表模板。此元素具有 class 属性。class 属性可以采用以下任意值:java.lang.String、java.io.File、java.net.URL、java.io.InputStream、net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperReport。默认值为 java.lang.String。
isUsingCache − 这是 <subreport> 元素的一个属性。这是一个布尔值,当设置为 true 时,报表引擎将尝试使用其指定的源识别先前加载的子报表模板对象。此缓存功能仅适用于具有返回 java.lang.String 对象作为子报表模板源(表示文件名、URL 或类路径资源)的表达式的子报表元素。
示例
让我们举一个简单的例子来演示如何使用 JRDataSource 创建子报表。让我们首先编写两个新的报表模板,一个是子报表,另一个是主报表。子报表(address_report_template.jrxml)模板的内容如下所示。将其保存到 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test 目录。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> <jasperReport xmlns = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/xsd/jasperreport.xsd" name = "address_report_template" pageWidth = "175" pageHeight = "842" columnWidth = "175" leftMargin = "0" rightMargin = "0" topMargin = "0" bottomMargin = "0"> <field name = "city" class = "java.lang.String"/> <field name = "street" class = "java.lang.String"/> <background> <band splitType = "Stretch"/> </background> <title> <band height = "20" splitType = "Stretch"> <staticText> <reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "100" height = "20"/> <textElement> <font size = "14" isBold = "true"/> </textElement> <text><![CDATA[Addresses]]></text> </staticText> </band> </title> <pageHeader> <band height = "12" splitType = "Stretch"/> </pageHeader> <columnHeader> <band height = "12" splitType = "Stretch"/> </columnHeader> <detail> <band height = "27" splitType = "Stretch"> <textField> <reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "120" height = "20"/> <textElement> <font size = "12" isBold = "true"/> </textElement> <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String"> <![CDATA[$F{city}+" Address:"]]> </textFieldExpression> </textField> <textField isStretchWithOverflow = "true"> <reportElement x = "120" y = "0" width = "435" height = "20"/> <textElement> <font size = "12"/> </textElement> <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String"> <![CDATA[$F{street}]]> </textFieldExpression> </textField> </band> </detail> <columnFooter> <band height = "8" splitType = "Stretch"/> </columnFooter> <pageFooter> <band height = "11" splitType = "Stretch"/> </pageFooter> <summary> <band height = "9" splitType = "Stretch"/> </summary> </jasperReport>
由于我们使用数据源,因此我们需要编写相应的 POJO 文件 SubReportBean.java ,如下所示。将其保存到目录 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\src\com.tutorialspoint −
package com.tutorialspoint; public class SubReportBean { private String city; private String street; public String getCity() { return city; } public void setCity(String city) { this.city = city; } public String getStreet() { return street; } public void setStreet(String street) { this.street = street; } }
在这里,我们声明了两个字段 'city' 和 'street',并定义了相应的 getter 和 setter 方法。
现在,让我们更新现有的 DataBean 文件。我们将添加一个新字段 subReportBeanList,它是一个 java.util.List。此字段将保存 SubReportBean 对象的列表。文件 DataBean 的内容如下。将其保存到目录 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\src\com.tutorialspoint。
package com.tutorialspoint; import java.util.List; public class DataBean { private String name; private String country; private List<SubReportBean> subReportBeanList; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getCountry() { return country; } public void setCountry(String country) { this.country = country; } public List<SubReportBean> getSubReportBeanList() { return subReportBeanList; } public void setSubReportBeanList(List<SubReportBean> subReportBeanList) { this.subReportBeanList = subReportBeanList; } }
现在让我们更新文件 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\src\com.tutorialspoint\DataBeanList.java。此文件的内容如下 −
package com.tutorialspoint; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.List; public class DataBeanList { public ArrayList<DataBean> getDataBeanList() { // Create sub report data SubReportBean subBean1 = new SubReportBean(); subBean1.setCity("Mumbai"); subBean1.setStreet("M.G.Road"); SubReportBean subBean2 = new SubReportBean(); subBean2.setCity("New York"); subBean2.setStreet("Park Street"); SubReportBean subBean3 = new SubReportBean(); subBean3.setCity("San Fransisco"); subBean3.setStreet("King Street"); ArrayList<DataBean> dataBeanList = new ArrayList<DataBean>(); // Create master report data dataBeanList.add(produce("Manisha", "India", Arrays.asList(subBean1))); dataBeanList.add(produce("Dennis Ritchie", "USA", Arrays.asList(subBean2))); dataBeanList.add(produce("V.Anand", "India", Arrays.asList(subBean1))); dataBeanList.add(produce("Shrinath", "California", Arrays.asList(subBean3))); return dataBeanList; } /* * This method returns a DataBean object, * with name, country and sub report * bean data set in it. */ private DataBean produce(String name, String country, List<SubReportBean> subBean) { DataBean dataBean = new DataBean(); dataBean.setName(name); dataBean.setCountry(country); dataBean.setSubReportBeanList(subBean); return dataBean; } }
在上述文件中的 produce() 方法中,我们设置了 SubReportBean 列表。
现在,让我们编写一个新的主报告模板 (jasper_report_template.jrxml)。将此文件保存到目录 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test。此文件的内容如下 −
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> <jasperReport xmlns = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports" xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation = "http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/jasperreports http://jasperreports.sourceforge.net/xsd/jasperreport.xsd" name = "jasper_report_template" language = "groovy" pageWidth = "595" pageHeight = "842" columnWidth ="555" leftMargin = "20" rightMargin = "20" topMargin = "20" bottomMargin = "20"> <parameter name = "SUBREPORT_DIR" class = "java.lang.String" isForPrompting = "false"> <defaultValueExpression> <![CDATA["C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\"]]> </defaultValueExpression> </parameter> <field name = "country" class = "java.lang.String"/> <field name = "name" class = "java.lang.String"/> <field name = "subReportBeanList" class = "java.util.List"/> <background> <band splitType = "Stretch"/> </background> <title> <band height = "35" splitType = "Stretch"> <staticText> <reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "204" height = "34"/> <textElement> <font size = "26" isBold = "true"/> </textElement> <text><![CDATA[Contact Report]]></text> </staticText> </band> </title> <pageHeader> <band height = "17" splitType = "Stretch"/> </pageHeader> <columnHeader> <band height = "21" splitType = "Stretch"/> </columnHeader> <detail> <band height = "112" splitType = "Stretch"> <staticText> <reportElement x = "0" y = "0" width = "100" height = "20"/> <textElement> <font size = "12" isBold = "true"/> </textElement> <text><![CDATA[Name:]]></text> </staticText> <staticText> <reportElement x = "0" y = "20" width = "100" height = "20"/> <textElement> <font size = "12" isBold = "true"/> </textElement> <text><![CDATA[Country:]]></text> </staticText> <textField> <reportElement x = "104" y = "0" width = "277" height = "20"/> <textElement> <font size = "12"/> </textElement> <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String"> <![CDATA[$F{name}]]> </textFieldExpression> </textField> <textField> <reportElement x = "104" y = "20" width = "277" height = "20"/> <textElement> <font size = "12"/> </textElement> <textFieldExpression class = "java.lang.String"> <![CDATA[$F{country}]]> </textFieldExpression> </textField> <subreport> <reportElement positionType = "Float" x = "335" y = "25" width = "175" height = "20" isRemoveLineWhenBlank = "true" backcolor = "#99ccff"/> <dataSourceExpression> new net.sf.jasperreports.engine.data.JRBeanCollectionDataSource ($F{subReportBeanList}) </dataSourceExpression> <subreportExpression class = "java.lang.String"> <![CDATA[$P{SUBREPORT_DIR} + "address_report_template.jasper"]]> </subreportExpression> </subreport> <line> <reportElement x = "0" y = "50" width = "550" height = "1"/> </line> </band> </detail> <columnFooter> <band height = "19" splitType = "Stretch"/> </columnFooter> <pageFooter> <band height = "18" splitType = "Stretch"/> </pageFooter> <summary> <band height = "14" splitType = "Stretch"/> </summary> </jasperReport>
在上述模板中,我们定义了一个新参数"SUBREPORT_DIR",它定义了子报表的路径。我们定义了一个类型为 java.util.List 的字段 subReportBeanList,它对应于文件 DataBean 中的属性。元素 <subreport> 具有子元素 <dataSourceExpression>。我们将列表 subReportBeanList 放在 JRBeanCollectionDataSource 的一个实例中。在子元素 <subreportExpression/> 中,我们给出了子报表名称 (AddressReport.jasper)。
现在,让我们编写一个新类 CreateReport 来编译和执行我们的报表模板。文件 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\src\com.tutorialspoint\CreateReport.java 的内容如下所示 −
package com.tutorialspoint; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JRException; import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperCompileManager; import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperFillManager; import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.JasperReport; import net.sf.jasperreports.engine.data.JRBeanCollectionDataSource; public class CreateReport { public static void main(String[] args) { String masterReportFileName = "C://tools/jasperreports-5.0.1/test" + "/jasper_report_template.jrxml"; String subReportFileName = "C://tools/jasperreports-5.0.1/test" + "/AddressReport.jrxml"; String destFileName = "C://tools/jasperreports-5.0.1/test" + "/jasper_report_template.JRprint"; DataBeanList DataBeanList = new DataBeanList(); ArrayList<DataBean> dataList = DataBeanList.getDataBeanList(); JRBeanCollectionDataSource beanColDataSource = new JRBeanCollectionDataSource(dataList); try { /* Compile the master and sub report */ JasperReport jasperMasterReport = JasperCompileManager .compileReport(masterReportFileName); JasperReport jasperSubReport = JasperCompileManager .compileReport(subReportFileName); Map<String, Object> parameters = new HashMap<String, Object>(); parameters.put("subreportParameter", jasperSubReport); JasperFillManager.fillReportToFile(jasperMasterReport, destFileName, parameters, beanColDataSource); } catch (JRException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("Done filling!!! ..."); } }
在这里,我们看到我们正在编译主报告模板和子报告模板,并传递主报告 (.jasper) 文件以进行报告填充。
报告生成
现在,我们所有的文件都已准备就绪,让我们使用常规 ANT 构建过程编译并执行它们。文件 build.xml(保存在目录 C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test 下)的内容如下所示。
导入文件 - baseBuild.xml 取自环境设置一章,应将其放在与 build.xml 相同的目录中。
<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8"?> <project name = "JasperReportTest" default = "viewFillReport" basedir = "."> <import file = "baseBuild.xml" /> <target name = "viewFillReport" depends = "compile,compilereportdesing,run" description = "Launches the report viewer to preview the report stored in the .JRprint file."> <java classname = "net.sf.jasperreports.view.JasperViewer" fork = "true"> <arg value = "-F${file.name}.JRprint" /> <classpath refid = "classpath" /> </java> </target> <target name = "compilereportdesing" description = "Compiles the JXML file and produces the .jasper file."> <taskdef name = "jrc" classname = "net.sf.jasperreports.ant.JRAntCompileTask"> <classpath refid = "classpath" /> </taskdef> <jrc destdir = "."> <src> <fileset dir = "."> <include name = "*.jrxml" /> </fileset> </src> <classpath refid = "classpath" /> </jrc> </target> </project>
接下来我们打开命令行窗口,进入build.xml所在的目录,最后执行命令ant -Dmain-class=com.tutorialspoint.CreateReport(viewFullReport是默认目标),如下 −
Buildfile: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\build.xml clean-sample: [delete] Deleting directory C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\classes compile: [mkdir] Created dir: C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\classes [javac] C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\baseBuild.xml:28: warning: 'includeantruntime' was not set, defaulting to [javac] Compiling 7 source files to C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\classes compilereportdesing: [jrc] Compiling 1 report design files. [jrc] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.jasperreports.engine.xml.JRXmlDigesterFactory). [jrc] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. [jrc] log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info. [jrc] File : C:\tools\jasperreports-5.0.1\test\ jasper_report_template.jrxml ... OK. run: [echo] Runnin class : com.tutorialspoint.CreateReport [java] Compiling Report Design ... [java] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.jasperreports.engine.xml.JRXmlDigesterFactory). [java] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. [java] Done filling!!! ... viewFillReport: [java] log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (net.sf.jasperreports.extensions.ExtensionsEnvironment). [java] log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. BUILD SUCCESSFUL Total time: 72 minutes 13 seconds
上述编译的结果是,打开一个 JasperViewer 窗口,如下图所示 −
在这里,我们可以看到显示了属性 Name、Country 和 Address。