iOS - 自动布局

iOS 6.0 中引入了自动布局。当我们使用自动布局时，我们的部署目标应该是 6.0 或更高版本。自动布局帮助我们创建可用于多个方向和多个设备的界面。

示例目标

我们将添加两个按钮，它们将放置在距屏幕中心一定距离的位置。我们还将尝试添加一个可调整大小的文本字段，该字段将放置在距按钮上方一定距离的位置。

我们的方法

我们将在代码中添加一个文本字段和两个按钮以及它们的约束。每个 UI 元素的约束将被创建并添加到超级视图。我们必须为我们添加的每个 UI 元素禁用自动调整大小以获得所需的结果。

涉及的步骤

步骤 1 − 创建一个简单的基于视图的应用程序。

步骤 2 − 我们将只编辑 ViewController.m，如下所示 −

实例


#import "ViewController.h"

@interface ViewController ()
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *leftButton;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UIButton *rightButton;
@property (nonatomic, strong) UITextField *textfield;

@end
@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
   [super viewDidLoad];
   UIView *superview = self.view;

   /*1. Create leftButton and add to our view*/
   self.leftButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
   self.leftButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
   [self.leftButton setTitle:@"LeftButton" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
   [self.view addSubview:self.leftButton];

   /* 2. Constraint to position LeftButton's X*/
   NSLayoutConstraint *leftButtonXConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.leftButton attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual toItem:superview attribute:
   NSLayoutAttributeCenterX multiplier:1.0 constant:-60.0f];

   /* 3. Constraint to position LeftButton's Y*/
   NSLayoutConstraint *leftButtonYConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.leftButton attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:superview attribute:
   NSLayoutAttributeCenterY multiplier:1.0f constant:0.0f];

   /* 4. Add the constraints to button's superview*/
   [superview addConstraints:@[ leftButtonXConstraint,
   leftButtonYConstraint]];

   /*5. Create rightButton and add to our view*/
   self.rightButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeRoundedRect];
   self.rightButton.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
   [self.rightButton setTitle:@"RightButton" forState:UIControlStateNormal];
   [self.view addSubview:self.rightButton];

   /*6. Constraint to position RightButton's X*/
   NSLayoutConstraint *rightButtonXConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.rightButton attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual toItem:superview attribute:
   NSLayoutAttributeCenterX multiplier:1.0 constant:60.0f];

   /*7. Constraint to position RightButton's Y*/
   rightButtonXConstraint.priority = UILayoutPriorityDefaultHigh;
   NSLayoutConstraint *centerYMyConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.rightButton attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterY 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual toItem:superview attribute:
   NSLayoutAttributeCenterY multiplier:1.0f constant:0.0f];
   [superview addConstraints:@[centerYMyConstraint,
   rightButtonXConstraint]];

   //8. Add Text field
   self.textfield = [[UITextField alloc]initWithFrame:
   CGRectMake(0, 100, 100, 30)];
   self.textfield.borderStyle = UITextBorderStyleRoundedRect;
   self.textfield.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
   [self.view addSubview:self.textfield];

   //9. Text field Constraints
   NSLayoutConstraint *textFieldTopConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.textfield attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual toItem:superview 
   attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop multiplier:1.0 constant:60.0f];
   NSLayoutConstraint *textFieldBottomConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.textfield attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual toItem:self.rightButton 
   attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop multiplier:0.8 constant:-60.0f];
   NSLayoutConstraint *textFieldLeftConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.textfield attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:superview attribute:
   NSLayoutAttributeLeft multiplier:1.0 constant:30.0f];
   NSLayoutConstraint *textFieldRightConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
   constraintWithItem:self.textfield attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight 
   relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual toItem:superview attribute:
   NSLayoutAttributeRight multiplier:1.0 constant:-30.0f];
   [superview addConstraints:@[textFieldBottomConstraint ,
   textFieldLeftConstraint, textFieldRightConstraint, 
   textFieldTopConstraint]];
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
   [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];
   // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.
}
@end

注意事项

在标记为 1、5 和 8 的步骤中，我们只是以编程方式分别添加了两个按钮和一个文本字段。

在其余的步骤中，我们创建了约束并将这些约束添加到各自的超级视图中，这些超级视图实际上是自身视图。左侧按钮之一的约束如下图所示 −

实例


NSLayoutConstraint *leftButtonXConstraint = [NSLayoutConstraint 
constraintWithItem:self.leftButton attribute:NSLayoutAttributeCenterX 
relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual toItem:superview attribute:
NSLayoutAttributeCenterX multiplier:1.0 constant:-60.0f];

我们有 constraintWithItem 和 toItem 来决定我们在哪些 UI 元素之间创建约束。该属性决定两个元素链接在一起的基础。 "relatedBy"决定了属性在元素之间的影响程度。乘数是乘数，常数将被添加到乘数中。

在上面的例子中，leftButton的X相对于超级视图的中心总是大于等于-60像素。类似地，定义了其他约束。