如何创建 - 在输入字段上创建自动完成
了解如何创建 Autocomplete 自动完成功能。
自动完成
开始输入:
创建自动填写表单
步骤 1) 添加 HTML:
实例
<!--确保表单已关闭自动完成功能:-->
<form autocomplete="off" action="/action_page.php">
<div class="autocomplete"
style="width:300px;">
<input id="myInput" type="text" name="myCountry"
placeholder="Country">
</div>
<input type="submit">
</form>
步骤 2) 创建一个 JavaScript 数组:
实例
世界上所有地区的数组:
var countries = ["Afghanistan","Albania","Algeria","Andorra","Angola","Anguilla","Antigua
&
Barbuda","Argentina","Armenia","Aruba","Australia","Austria","Azerbaijan","Bahamas","Bahrain","Bangladesh","Barbados","Belarus","Belgium","Belize","Benin","Bermuda","Bhutan","Bolivia","Bosnia
& Herzegovina","Botswana","Brazil","British Virgin
Islands","Brunei","Bulgaria","Burkina
Faso","Burundi","Cambodia","Cameroon","Canada","Cape Verde","Cayman Islands","Central
Arfrican Republic","Chad","Chile","China","Colombia","Congo","Cook
Islands","Costa Rica","Cote D Ivoire","Croatia","Cuba","Curacao","Cyprus","Czech
Republic","Denmark","Djibouti","Dominica","Dominican
Republic","Ecuador","Egypt","El Salvador","Equatorial
Guinea","Eritrea","Estonia","Ethiopia","Falkland Islands","Faroe
Islands","Fiji","Finland","France","French Polynesia","French West
Indies","Gabon","Gambia","Georgia","Germany","Ghana","Gibraltar","Greece","Greenland","Grenada","Guam","Guatemala","Guernsey","Guinea","Guinea
Bissau","Guyana","Haiti","Honduras","Hong
Kong","Hungary","Iceland","India","Indonesia","Iran","Iraq","Ireland","Isle of
Man","Israel","Italy","Jamaica","Japan","Jersey","Jordan","Kazakhstan","Kenya","Kiribati","Kosovo","Kuwait","Kyrgyzstan","Laos","Latvia","Lebanon","Lesotho","Liberia","Libya","Liechtenstein","Lithuania","Luxembourg","Macau","Macedonia","Madagascar","Malawi","Malaysia","Maldives","Mali","Malta","Marshall
Islands","Mauritania","Mauritius","Mexico","Micronesia","Moldova","Monaco","Mongolia","Montenegro","Montserrat","Morocco","Mozambique","Myanmar","Namibia","Nauro","Nepal","Netherlands","Netherlands
Antilles","New Caledonia","New Zealand","Nicaragua","Niger","Nigeria","North
Korea","Norway","Oman","Pakistan","Palau","Palestine","Panama","Papua New
Guinea","Paraguay","Peru","Philippines","Poland","Portugal","Puerto
Rico","Qatar","Reunion","Romania","Russia","Rwanda","Saint Pierre &
Miquelon","Samoa","San Marino","Sao Tome and Principe","Saudi
Arabia","Senegal","Serbia","Seychelles","Sierra
Leone","Singapore","Slovakia","Slovenia","Solomon Islands","Somalia","South
Africa","South Korea","South Sudan","Spain","Sri Lanka","St Kitts &
Nevis","St Lucia","St
Vincent","Sudan","Suriname","Swaziland","Sweden","Switzerland","Syria","Taiwan","Tajikistan","Tanzania","Thailand","Timor
L'Este","Togo","Tonga","Trinidad &
Tobago","Tunisia","Turkey","Turkmenistan","Turks &
Caicos","Tuvalu","Uganda","Ukraine","United Arab Emirates","United
Kingdom","United States of America","Uruguay","Uzbekistan","Vanuatu","Vatican
City","Venezuela","Vietnam","Virgin Islands (US)","Yemen","Zambia","Zimbabwe"];
第 3 步)添加 CSS:
容器必须有 "relative" 定位。
实例
* { box-sizing: border-box; }
body {
font: 16px Arial;
}
.autocomplete {
/*容器必须相对定位:*/
position: relative;
display: inline-block;
}
input {
border: 1px
solid transparent;
background-color: #f1f1f1;
padding:
10px;
font-size: 16px;
}
input[type=text] {
background-color: #f1f1f1;
width: 100%;
}
input[type=submit] {
background-color: DodgerBlue;
color: #fff;
}
.autocomplete-items {
position: absolute;
border: 1px
solid #d4d4d4;
border-bottom: none;
border-top: none;
z-index: 99;
/*将自动完成项定位为与容器相同的宽度:*/
top: 100%;
left: 0;
right:
0;
}
.autocomplete-items div {
padding: 10px;
cursor: pointer;
background-color: #fff;
border-bottom: 1px solid #d4d4d4;
}
.autocomplete-items div:hover {
/*当悬停一个项目时:*/
background-color: #e9e9e9;
}
.autocomplete-active {
/*当使用箭头键浏览项目时:*/
background-color: DodgerBlue !important;
color: #ffffff;
}
第 4 步)添加 JavaScript:
实例
function autocomplete(inp, arr) {
/* autocomplete 自动完成功能有两个参数,
文本字段元素和一组可能的自动完成值:*/
var currentFocus;
/*当有人在文本字段中写入时执行一个函数:*/
inp.addEventListener("input", function(e) {
var a, b, i, val = this.value;
/*关闭任何已经打开的自动完成值列表*/
closeAllLists();
if (!val) { return false;}
currentFocus = -1;
/*创建一个包含项目(值)的 DIV 元素:*/
a =
document.createElement("DIV");
a.setAttribute("id", this.id + "autocomplete-list");
a.setAttribute("class", "autocomplete-items");
/*将 DIV 元素附加为自动完成容器的子元素:*/
this.parentNode.appendChild(a);
/*对于数组中的每一项...*/
for (i = 0; i <
arr.length; i++) {
/*检查项目是否以与文本字段值相同的字母开头:*/
if (arr[i].substr(0, val.length).toUpperCase() == val.toUpperCase()) {
/*为每个匹配的元素创建一个DIV元素:*/
b = document.createElement("DIV");
/*将匹配的字母加粗:*/
b.innerHTML = "<strong>" + arr[i].substr(0, val.length) + "</strong>";
b.innerHTML += arr[i].substr(val.length);
/*插入将保存当前数组项的值的输入字段:*/
b.innerHTML += "<input type='hidden' value='" + arr[i] + "'>";
/*当有人点击项目值(DIV元素)时执行一个函数:*/
b.addEventListener("click", function(e) {
/*插入自动完成文本字段的值:*/
inp.value = this.getElementsByTagName("input")[0].value;
/*关闭自动完成值的列表,
(或任何其他打开的自动完成值列表:*/
closeAllLists();
});
a.appendChild(b);
}
}
});
/*执行一个函数按下键盘上的一个键:*/
inp.addEventListener("keydown", function(e) {
var x = document.getElementById(this.id + "autocomplete-list");
if (x) x = x.getElementsByTagName("div");
if
(e.keyCode == 40) {
/*如果按下箭头 DOWN 键,
增加 currentFocus 变量:*/
currentFocus++;
/*并使当前项目更加可见:*/
addActive(x);
} else if (e.keyCode == 38) {
//up
/*如果按下向上箭头键,
减少 currentFocus 变量:*/
currentFocus--;
/* 并使当前项目更明显:*/
addActive(x);
} else if (e.keyCode == 13) {
/*如果按下 ENTER 键,则阻止提交表单,*/
e.preventDefault();
if (currentFocus
> -1) {
/*并模拟点击 "active" 项:*/
if (x) x[currentFocus].click();
}
}
});
function
addActive(x) {
/*一个将项目分类为 "active" 的函数:*/
if (!x) return false;
/*首先删除所有项目的 "active" 类:*/
removeActive(x);
if (currentFocus >= x.length)
currentFocus = 0;
if (currentFocus < 0) currentFocus = (x.length
- 1);
/*添加类 "autocomplete-active":*/
x[currentFocus].classList.add("autocomplete-active");
}
function removeActive(x) {
/*从所有自动完成项中删除 "active" 类的函数:*/
for (var i
= 0; i < x.length; i++) {
x[i].classList.remove("autocomplete-active");
}
}
function closeAllLists(elmnt) {
/*关闭文档中的所有自动完成列表,
除了作为参数传递的那个:*/
var x =
document.getElementsByClassName("autocomplete-items");
for (var i = 0; i < x.length; i++) {
if (elmnt
!= x[i] && elmnt != inp) {
x[i].parentNode.removeChild(x[i]);
}
}
}
/*当有人点击文档时执行一个函数:*/
document.addEventListener("click", function (e) {
closeAllLists(e.target);
});
}
步骤 5) 在"myInput"上启动自动完成效果:
实例
将 countries 数组作为自动完成函数的第二个参数传递:
<script>
autocomplete(document.getElementById("myInput"),
countries);
</script>
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