CoffeeScript - Splat

在前面的章节中，我们已经看到了如何定义一个函数、调用一个函数并将参数传递给它。 通常，我们可以将固定数量的参数传递给函数。 在编程时，我们可能会遇到需要将可变参数传递给这些函数的情况。 在 JavaScript 中，我们使用对象来接受函数的可变数量的参数。

CoffeeScript 提供了一个名为 splats 的功能来将多个参数传递给函数。 我们通过在参数名称后放置三个点来在函数中使用 splats，它由 ... 表示

语法

下面给出的是使用 splats 在一个函数中接受多个参数的语法。

my_function = (arguments...)->
   ............
   ............
   ............

示例

以下是使用 splats 在函数中接受多个参数的示例。 这里我们使用 splats 定义了一个名为 indian_team() 的函数。 我们三次调用这个函数，每次我们调用它时，我们同时传递 4 名球员、6 名球员和全队。由于我们在函数定义中使用了 splats，因此每次调用它时它都接受可变数量的参数。 将此代码保存在名为 splats_definition.coffee 的文件中

indian_team = (first, second, others...) ->
  Captain = first
  WiseCaptain = second
  team  = others
  console.log "Captain: " +Captain
  console.log "Wise captain: " +WiseCaptain
  console.log "Other team members: " +team

#Passing 4 arguments
console.log "############## Four Players ############"
indian_team "Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma"

#Passing 6 arguments
console.log "############## Six Players ############"
indian_team "Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma", "Gurkeerat Singh Mann", "Rishi Dhawan"
  
#Passing full squad
console.log "############## Full squad #############"
indian_team "Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma", "Gurkeerat Singh Mann", "Rishi Dhawan", "Ravindra Jadeja", "Axar Patel", "Jasprit Bumrah", "Umesh Yadav", "Harbhajan Singh", "Ashish Nehra", "Hardik Pandya", "Suresh Raina", "Yuvraj Singh", "Ajinkya Rahane"

打开命令提示符并编译.coffee 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee -c splats_definition.coffee

在编译时，它会提供以下 JavaScript。

// Generated by CoffeeScript 1.10.0
(function() {
  var indian_team,
    slice = [].slice;

  indian_team = function() {
    var Captain, WiseCaptain, first, others, second, team;
    first = arguments[0], second = arguments[1], others = 3 <= arguments.length ? slice.call(arguments, 2) : [];
    Captain = first;
    WiseCaptain = second;
    team = others;
    console.log("Captain: " + Captain);
    console.log("Wise captain: " + WiseCaptain);
    return console.log("Other team members: " + team);
  };

  console.log("############## Four Players ############");

  indian_team("Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma");

  console.log("############## Six Players ############");

  indian_team("Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma", "Gurkeerat Singh Mann", "Rishi Dhawan");

  console.log("############## Full squad #############");

  indian_team("Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma", "Gurkeerat Singh Mann", "Rishi Dhawan", "Ravindra Jadeja", "Axar Patel", "Jasprit Bumrah", "Umesh Yadav", "Harbhajan Singh", "Ashish Nehra", "Hardik Pandya", "Suresh Raina", "Yuvraj Singh", "Ajinkya Rahane");

}).call(this); 

现在，再次打开命令提示符 并运行 CoffeeScript 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee splats_definition.coffee

执行时，CoffeeScript 文件产生以下输出。

############## Four Players ############
Captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Wise captain: Virat Kohli
Other team members: Shikhar Dhawan,Rohit Sharma
############## Six Players ############
Captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Wise captain: Virat Kohli
Other team members: Shikhar Dhawan,Rohit Sharma,Gurkeerat Singh Mann,Rishi Dhawan
############## Full squad #############
Captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Wise captain: Virat Kohli
Other team members: Shikhar Dhawan,Rohit Sharma,Gurkeerat Singh Mann,Rishi Dhawan,Ravindra Jadeja,Axar Patel,Jasprit Bumrah,Umesh Yadav,Harbhajan Singh,Ashish Nehra,Hardik Pandya,Suresh Raina,Yuvraj Singh,Ajinkya Rahane 

使用 Splats 调用函数

我们还可以使用 splats 调用函数。 为此，我们必须创建一个数组来保存我们需要传递给函数的元素，并且我们必须通过传递以三个点为后缀的数组来调用函数，如下所示。

my_function values...

示例

以下是使用 splats 调用函数的示例。 将此代码保存在名为 splats_call.coffee 的文件中

indian_team = (first, second, others...) ->
  Captain = first
  WiseCaptain = second
  team  = others
  console.log "Captain: " +Captain
  console.log "Wise captain: " +WiseCaptain
  console.log "Other team members: " +team

squad = [
   "Mahendra Singh Dhoni"
   "Virat Kohli"
   "Shikhar Dhawan"
   "Rohit Sharma"   
   "Gurkeerat Singh Mann"
   "Rishi Dhawan"
   "R Ashwin"
   "Ravindra Jadeja"
   "Axar Patel"
   "Jasprit Bumrah"
   "Umesh Yadav"
   "Harbhajan Singh"
   "Ashish Nehra"
   "Hardik Pandya"
   "Suresh Raina"
   "Yuvraj Singh"
   "Ajinkya Rahane"
 ]

indian_team squad...

打开命令提示符并编译.coffee 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee -c splats_call.coffee

在编译时，它会提供以下 JavaScript。

// Generated by CoffeeScript 1.10.0
(function() {
  var indian_team, squad,
    slice = [].slice;

  indian_team = function() {
    var Captain, WiseCaptain, first, others, second, team;
    first = arguments[0], second = arguments[1], others = 3 <= arguments.length ? slice.call(arguments, 2) : [];
    Captain = first;
    WiseCaptain = second;
    team = others;
    console.log("Captain: " + Captain);
    console.log("Wise captain: " + WiseCaptain);
    return console.log("Other team members: " + team);
  };

  squad = ["Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma", "Gurkeerat Singh Mann", "Rishi Dhawan", "R Ashwin", "Ravindra Jadeja", "Axar Patel", "Jasprit Bumrah", "Umesh Yadav", "Harbhajan Singh", "Ashish Nehra", "Hardik Pandya", "Suresh Raina", "Yuvraj Singh", "Ajinkya Rahane"];

  indian_team.apply(null, squad);

}).call(this);

现在，再次打开命令提示符 并运行 CoffeeScript 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee splats_call.coffee

执行时，CoffeeScript 文件产生以下输出。

Captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Wise captain: Virat Kohli
Other team members: Shikhar Dhawan,Rohit Sharma,Gurkeerat Singh Mann,Rishi Dhawan,R Ashwin,Ravindra Jadeja,Axar Patel,Jasprit Bumrah,Umesh Yadav,Harbhajan Singh,Ashish Nehra,Hardik Pandya,Suresh Raina,Yuvraj Singh,Ajinkya Rahane

带有拖尾参数的 Splats

我们还可以将拖尾参数传递给 splats。 在下面给出的示例中，我们在 splat 之后传递了一个名为 last 的尾部参数。 将此示例保存在名为 tailing_arguments.coffee 的文件中

indian_team = (first, second, others..., last) ->
  Captain = first
  WiseCaptain = second
  team  = others
  Wicketkeeper =last
  console.log "Captain: " +Captain
  console.log "Wise captain: " +WiseCaptain
  console.log "Wicket keeper is:"+last
  console.log "Other team members: " +team  
  
squad = [
   "Mahendra Singh Dhoni"
   "Virat Kohli"
   "Shikhar Dhawan"
   "Rohit Sharma"   
   "Gurkeerat Singh Mann"
   "Rishi Dhawan"
   "R Ashwin"
   "Ravindra Jadeja"
   "Axar Patel"
   "Jasprit Bumrah"
   "Umesh Yadav"
   "Harbhajan Singh"
   "Ashish Nehra"
   "Hardik Pandya"
   "Suresh Raina"
   "Yuvraj Singh"
   "Ajinkya Rahane"
 ]

indian_team squad...

打开命令提示符并编译.coffee 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee -c tailing_arguments.coffee

在编译时，它会提供以下 JavaScript。

// Generated by CoffeeScript 1.10.0
(function() {
  var indian_team, squad,
    slice = [].slice;

  indian_team = function() {
    var Captain, Wicketkeeper, WiseCaptain, first, i, last, others, second, team;
    first = arguments[0], second = arguments[1], others = 4 <= arguments.length ? slice.call(arguments, 2, i = arguments.length - 1) : (i = 2, []), last = arguments[i++];
    Captain = first;
    WiseCaptain = second;
    team = others;
    Wicketkeeper = last;
    console.log("Captain: " + Captain);
    console.log("Wise captain: " + WiseCaptain);
    console.log("Wicket keeper is:" + last);
    return console.log("Other team members: " + team);
  };

  squad = ["Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma", "Gurkeerat Singh Mann", "Rishi Dhawan", "R Ashwin", "Ravindra Jadeja", "Axar Patel", "Jasprit Bumrah", "Umesh Yadav", "Harbhajan Singh", "Ashish Nehra", "Hardik Pandya", "Suresh Raina", "Yuvraj Singh", "Ajinkya Rahane"];

  indian_team.apply(null, squad);

}).call(this);

现在，再次打开命令提示符 并运行 CoffeeScript 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee tailing_arguments.coffee

执行时，CoffeeScript 文件产生以下输出。

Captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Wise captain: Virat Kohli
Wicket keeper is:Ajinkya Rahane
Other team members: Shikhar Dhawan,Rohit Sharma,Gurkeerat Singh Mann,Rishi Dhawan,R Ashwin,Ravindra Jadeja,Axar Patel,Jasprit Bumrah,Umesh Yadav,Harbhajan Singh,Ashish Nehra,Hardik Pandya,Suresh Raina,Yuvraj Singh

推导 Splats

在函数中，我们还可以使用推导来迭代 splat 的元素，如以下示例所示。 将此代码保存在名为 splats_comprehensions.coffee 的文件中

indian_team = (first, second, others...) ->
  Captain = first
  WiseCaptain = second
  team  = others
  console.log "Captain: " +Captain
  console.log "Wise captain: " +WiseCaptain
  console.log "Other team members:: "
  console.log member for member in others

squad = [
   "Mahendra Singh Dhoni"
   "Virat Kohli"
   "Shikhar Dhawan"
   "Rohit Sharma"   
   "Gurkeerat Singh Mann"
   "Rishi Dhawan"
   "R Ashwin"
   "Ravindra Jadeja"
   "Axar Patel"
   "Jasprit Bumrah"
   "Umesh Yadav"
   "Harbhajan Singh"
   "Ashish Nehra"
   "Hardik Pandya"
   "Suresh Raina"
   "Yuvraj Singh"
   "Ajinkya Rahane"
 ]

indian_team squad...

打开命令提示符并编译.coffee 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee -c splats_comprehensions.coffee

在编译时，它会提供以下 JavaScript。

// Generated by CoffeeScript 1.10.0
(function() {
  var indian_team, squad,
    slice = [].slice;

  indian_team = function() {
    var Captain, WiseCaptain, first, i, len, member, others, results, second, team;
    first = arguments[0], second = arguments[1], others = 3 <= arguments.length ? slice.call(arguments, 2) : [];
    Captain = first;
    WiseCaptain = second;
    team = others;
    console.log("Captain: " + Captain);
    console.log("Wise captain: " + WiseCaptain);
    console.log("Other team members:: ");
    results = [];
    for (i = 0, len = others.length; i < len; i++) {
      member = others[i];
      results.push(console.log(member));
    }
    return results;
  };

  squad = ["Mahendra Singh Dhoni", "Virat Kohli", "Shikhar Dhawan", "Rohit Sharma", "Gurkeerat Singh Mann", "Rishi Dhawan", "R Ashwin", "Ravindra Jadeja", "Axar Patel", "Jasprit Bumrah", "Umesh Yadav", "Harbhajan Singh", "Ashish Nehra", "Hardik Pandya", "Suresh Raina", "Yuvraj Singh", "Ajinkya Rahane"];

  indian_team.apply(null, squad);

}).call(this);

现在，再次打开命令提示符 并运行 CoffeeScript 文件，如下所示。

c:\> coffee splats_comprehensions.coffee

执行时，CoffeeScript 文件产生以下输出。

Captain: Mahendra Singh Dhoni
Wise captain: Virat Kohli
Other team members::
Shikhar Dhawan
Rohit Sharma
Gurkeerat Singh Mann
Rishi Dhawan
R Ashwin
Ravindra Jadeja
Axar Patel
Jasprit Bumrah
Umesh Yadav
Harbhajan Singh
Ashish Nehra
Hardik Pandya
Suresh Raina
Yuvraj Singh
Ajinkya Rahane