LINQ - XML

LINQ to XML 可轻松访问所有 LINQ 功能，如标准查询运算符、编程接口等。LINQ to XML 集成在 .NET 框架中，还可充分利用 .NET 框架功能，如调试、编译时检查、强类型等等。

LINQ to XML 简介

使用 LINQ to XML 时，将 XML 文档加载到内存中很容易，查询和文档修改也更容易。还可以将内存中现有的 XML 文档保存到磁盘并对其进行序列化。这样开发人员就无需学习有点复杂的 XML 查询语言。

LINQ to XML 的强大功能来自 System.Xml.Linq 命名空间。它拥有使用 XML 所需的所有 19 个类。这些类如下。

• XAttribute
• XCData
• XComment
• XContainer
• XDeclaration
• XDocument
• XDocumentType
• XElement
• XName
• XNamespace
• XNode
• XNodeDocumentOrderComparer
• XNodeEqualityComparer
• XObject
• XObjectChange
• XObjectChangeEventArgs
• XObjectEventHandler
• XProcessingInstruction
• XText

使用 LINQ 读取 XML 文件

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace LINQtoXML {
   class ExampleOfXML {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
      
         string myXML = @"<Departments>
                       <Department>Account</Department>
                       <Department>Sales</Department>
                       <Department>Pre-Sales</Department>
                       <Department>Marketing</Department>
                       </Departments>";

         XDocument xdoc = new XDocument();
         xdoc = XDocument.Parse(myXML);

         var result = xdoc.Element("Departments").Descendants();

         foreach (XElement item in result) {
            Console.WriteLine("Department Name - " + item.Value);
         }

         Console.WriteLine("
Press any key to continue.");
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

VB

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Xml.Linq

Module Module1

   Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
   
      Dim myXML As String = "<Departments>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
                           "<Department>Account</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
                           "<Department>Sales</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
                           "<Department>Pre-Sales</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
                           "<Department>Marketing</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
                           "</Departments>"

      Dim xdoc As New XDocument()
      xdoc = XDocument.Parse(myXML)

      Dim result = xdoc.Element("Departments").Descendants()

      For Each item As XElement In result
         Console.WriteLine("Department Name - " + item.Value)
      Next

      Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Press any key to continue.")
      Console.ReadKey()
	  
   End Sub
   
End Module

当编译并执行上述 C# 或 VB 代码时，会产生以下结果 −

Department Name - Account
Department Name - Sales
Department Name - Pre-Sales
Department Name - Marketing

Press any key to continue. 

Add New Node

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace LINQtoXML {
   class ExampleOfXML {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
      
         string myXML = @"<Departments>
                       <Department>Account</Department>
                       <Department>Sales</Department>
                       <Department>Pre-Sales</Department>
                       <Department>Marketing</Department>
                       </Departments>";

         XDocument xdoc = new XDocument();
         xdoc = XDocument.Parse(myXML);

         //Add new Element
         xdoc.Element("Departments").Add(new XElement("Department", "Finance"));

         //Add new Element at First
         xdoc.Element("Departments").AddFirst(new XElement("Department", "Support"));

         var result = xdoc.Element("Departments").Descendants();

         foreach (XElement item in result) {
            Console.WriteLine("Department Name - " + item.Value);
         }

         Console.WriteLine("
Press any key to continue.");
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

VB

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Xml.Linq

Module Module1

   Sub Main(ByVal args As String())
   
      Dim myXML As String = "<Departments>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Account</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Sales</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Pre-Sales</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Marketing</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "</Departments>"

      Dim xdoc As New XDocument()
      xdoc = XDocument.Parse(myXML)

      xdoc.Element("Departments").Add(New XElement("Department", "Finance"))
     
      xdoc.Element("Departments").AddFirst(New XElement("Department", "Support"))

      Dim result = xdoc.Element("Departments").Descendants()

      For Each item As XElement In result
         Console.WriteLine("Department Name - " + item.Value)
      Next

      Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Press any key to continue.")
      Console.ReadKey()
	  
   End Sub
   
End Module

当编译并执行上述 C# 或 VB 代码时，会产生以下结果 −

Department Name - Support
Department Name - Account
Department Name - Sales
Department Name - Pre-Sales
Department Name - Marketing
Department Name - Finance

Press any key to continue.

删除特定节点

C#

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Xml.Linq;

namespace LINQtoXML {
   class ExampleOfXML {
      static void Main(string[] args) {
      
         string myXML = @"<Departments>
                       <Department>Support</Department>
                       <Department>Account</Department>
                       <Department>Sales</Department>
                       <Department>Pre-Sales</Department>
                       <Department>Marketing</Department>
                       <Department>Finance</Department>
                       </Departments>";

         XDocument xdoc = new XDocument();
         xdoc = XDocument.Parse(myXML);

         //Remove Sales Department
         xdoc.Descendants().Where(s =>s.Value == "Sales").Remove(); 

         var result = xdoc.Element("Departments").Descendants();

         foreach (XElement item in result) {
            Console.WriteLine("Department Name - " + item.Value);
         }

         Console.WriteLine("
Press any key to continue.");
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

VB

Imports System.Collections.Generic
Imports System.Linq
Imports System.Xml.Linq

Module Module1

   Sub Main(args As String())
   
      Dim myXML As String = "<Departments>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Support</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Account</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Sales</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Pre-Sales</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Marketing</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
     	                   "<Department>Finance</Department>" & vbCr & vbLf & 
                           "</Departments>"

      Dim xdoc As New XDocument()
      xdoc = XDocument.Parse(myXML)
     
      xdoc.Descendants().Where(Function(s) s.Value = "Sales").Remove()

      Dim result = xdoc.Element("Departments").Descendants()

      For Each item As XElement In result
         Console.WriteLine("Department Name - " + item.Value)
      Next

      Console.WriteLine(vbLf & "Press any key to continue.")
      Console.ReadKey()
	  
   End Sub
   
End Module

当编译并执行上述 C# 或 VB 代码时，会产生以下结果 −

Department Name - Support
Department Name - Account
Department Name - Pre-Sales
Department Name - Marketing
Department Name - Finance

Press any key to continue.