Flat Buffers - union
概述
union 数据类型是 Flat Buffers 的复合数据类型之一。它用于创建灵活的数据结构,可以采用任何所需类型。
继续使用 Flat Buffers - String 章节中的 theater 示例,以下是我们需要用来指示 FlatBuffers 创建 union 的语法 −
theater.fbs
namespace com.tutorialspoint.theater; union People { Employee, Viewer } table Theater { people: People; } table Employee { name:string; address:string; id: int; } table Viewer { name: string; address: string; } root_type Theater;
现在我们的表包含定义为两个表 Employee 和 Viewer 的 People 的 union 属性。在 Theater 表中,我们定义了 union 类型的 people,这意味着我们可以将任何 Employee 或 Viewer 存储在 people 变量中。
从 fbs 文件创建 Java 类
要使用 FlatBuffers,我们现在必须使用 flatc 二进制文件从此".fbs"文件创建所需的类。让我们看看如何做到这一点 −
flatc --java theater.fbs
这将在当前目录的 com > tutorialspoint > theater 文件夹中创建 Theater、People、Employee 和 Viewer 类。我们在应用程序中使用此类的方式与 Flat Buffers - Schema 一章中的方式类似。
使用从 fbs 文件创建的 Java 类
创建和编写 Union
为了创建 Union,我们首先需要准备所需类型的偏移量,例如 Viewer,然后我们可以将查看器及其类型添加到Flat Buffers。
// 为 Viewer 创建偏移量 int viewerName = builder.createString("Mery"); int viewerAddress = builder.createString("Avenue 4"); int viewer = Viewer.createViewer(builder, viewerName, viewerAddress); //添加 union 类型 Theater.addPeopleType(builder, People.Viewer); // 向 Theater FlatBuffer 添加详细信息 Theater.addPeople(builder, viewer);
以下示例代码展示了创建 Union 的过程。
TheaterWriter.java
package com.tutorialspoint.theater; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import com.google.flatbuffers.FlatBufferBuilder; public class TheaterWriter { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { // 创建一个Flat Buffers构建器 // 它将用于创建 Theater FlatBuffer FlatBufferBuilder builder = new FlatBufferBuilder(1024); // 为 Viewer 创建偏移量 int viewerName = builder.createString("Mery"); int viewerAddress = builder.createString("Avenue 4"); int viewer = Viewer.createViewer(builder, viewerName, viewerAddress); // 为向量创建偏移量 //int people = Theater.createPeople // 使用 startTheater() 方法创建 theater FlatBuffers Theater.startTheater(builder); //添加联合类型 Theater.addPeopleType(builder, People.Viewer); // 向 Theater FlatBuffer 添加详细信息 Theater.addPeople(builder, viewer); // 标记在 Greet FlatBuffer 中输入的数据的结束 int theater = Theater.endTheater(builder); // 完成构建器 builder.finish(theater); // 获取要存储的字节 byte[] data = builder.sizedByteArray(); String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output"; System.out.println("将Theater 保存到文件:" + filename); // 将构建器内容写入名为 theater_flatbuffers_output 的文件 try(FileOutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(filename)){ output.write(data); } System.out.println("Saved theater with following data to disk: " + theater); } }
读取 Union
为了读取 Union,我们可以检查 union 对象的类型,然后相应地检索值。
// 获取保存的 union 类型 int unionType = theater.peopleType(); // 如果 union 是 Viewer 类型 if(unionType == People.Viewer) { Viewer viewer = (Viewer)theater.people(new Viewer()); System.out.println("Name: " + viewer.name()); System.out.println("Address: " + viewer.address()); } // 如果 union 是 Employee 类型 else if(unionType == People.Employee) { Employee employee = (Employee)theater.people(new Employee()); System.out.println("Name: " + employee.name()); System.out.println("Address: " + employee.address()); System.out.println("Id: " + employee.id()); }
以下示例代码展示了读取 Union 的过程。
TheaterReader.java
package com.tutorialspoint.theater; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.nio.ByteBuffer; public class TheaterReader { public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException { String filename = "theater_flatbuffers_output"; System.out.println("Reading from file " + filename); try(FileInputStream input = new FileInputStream(filename)) { // 获取序列化数据 byte[] data = input.readAllBytes(); ByteBuffer buf = ByteBuffer.wrap(data); // 读取序列化数据中的根对象 Theater theater = Theater.getRootAsTheater(buf); // 打印 theater 值 System.out.println("People: "); // 获取 union 的类型 int unionType = theater.peopleType(); // 如果 union 是 Viewer 类型 if(unionType == People.Viewer) { Viewer viewer = (Viewer)theater.people(new Viewer()); System.out.println("Name: " + viewer.name()); System.out.println("Address: " + viewer.address()); } else if(unionType == People.Employee) { Employee employee = (Employee)theater.people(new Employee()); System.out.println("Name: " + employee.name()); System.out.println("Address: " + employee.address()); System.out.println("Id: " + employee.id()); } } } }
编译项目
现在我们已经设置了reader和writer,让我们编译项目。
mvn clean install
序列化 Java 对象
现在,编译后,让我们先执行writer −
> java -cp . arget\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterWriter Saving theater information to file: theater_flatbuffers_output Saved theater information with following data to disk: 60
反序列化序列化对象
现在,让我们执行读取器来读取同一个文件−
java -cp . arget\flatbuffers-tutorial-1.0.jar com.tutorialspoint.theater.TheaterReader Reading from file theater_flatbuffers_output People: Name: Mery Address: Avenue 4
因此,如我们所见,我们可以通过将二进制数据反序列化为 Theater 对象来读取序列化的 struct。在下一章 Flat Buffers - Nested Tables 中,我们将研究 Nested Tables,一种复合类型。