Apache POI - 电子表格
本章介绍如何使用 Java 创建和操作电子表格。 电子表格是 Excel 文件中的一个页面; 它包含具有特定名称的行和列。
完成本章后,您将能够创建电子表格并对其执行读取操作。
创建电子表格
首先,让我们使用前面章节中讨论的引用类创建一个电子表格。 按照上一章,先创建一个workbook,然后我们就可以继续创建sheet了。
以下代码段用于创建电子表格。
//Create Blank workbook XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); //Create a blank spreadsheet XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.createSheet("Sheet Name");
电子表格上的行
电子表格具有网格布局。 行和列用特定名称标识。 列用字母标识,行用数字标识。
以下代码段用于创建行。
XSSFRow row = spreadsheet.createRow((short)1);
写入电子表格
让我们考虑一个员工数据的例子。 这里员工数据以表格形式给出。
Emp Id | Emp Name | Designation |
---|---|---|
Tp01 | Gopal | Technical Manager |
TP02 | Manisha | Proof Reader |
Tp03 | Masthan | Technical Writer |
Tp04 | Satish | Technical Writer |
Tp05 | Krishna | Technical Writer |
以下代码用于将上述数据写入电子表格。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.util.Map; import java.util.Set; import java.util.TreeMap; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook; public class Writesheet { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //Create blank workbook XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(); //Create a blank sheet XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.createSheet(" Employee Info "); //Create row object XSSFRow row; //This data needs to be written (Object[]) Map < String, Object[] > empinfo = new TreeMap < String, Object[] >(); empinfo.put( "1", new Object[] { "EMP ID", "EMP NAME", "DESIGNATION" }); empinfo.put( "2", new Object[] { "tp01", "Gopal", "Technical Manager" }); empinfo.put( "3", new Object[] { "tp02", "Manisha", "Proof Reader" }); empinfo.put( "4", new Object[] { "tp03", "Masthan", "Technical Writer" }); empinfo.put( "5", new Object[] { "tp04", "Satish", "Technical Writer" }); empinfo.put( "6", new Object[] { "tp05", "Krishna", "Technical Writer" }); //Iterate over data and write to sheet Set < String > keyid = empinfo.keySet(); int rowid = 0; for (String key : keyid) { row = spreadsheet.createRow(rowid++); Object [] objectArr = empinfo.get(key); int cellid = 0; for (Object obj : objectArr) { Cell cell = row.createCell(cellid++); cell.setCellValue((String)obj); } } //Write the workbook in file system FileOutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(new File("Writesheet.xlsx")); workbook.write(out); out.close(); System.out.println("Writesheet.xlsx written successfully"); } }
将上述Java代码保存为Writesheet.java,然后在命令提示符下编译运行如下 −
$javac Writesheet.java $java Writesheet
它将编译并执行以在您的当前目录中生成一个名为 Writesheet.xlsx 的 Excel 文件,您将在命令提示符下获得以下输出。
Writesheet.xlsx written successfully
Writesheet.xlsx 文件如下所示 −
从电子表格中读取
让我们将上述名为 Writesheet.xslx 的 excel 文件作为输入。 观察以下代码; 它用于从电子表格中读取数据。
import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.util.Iterator; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell; import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFRow; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFSheet; import org.apache.poi.xssf.usermodel.XSSFWorkbook; public class Readsheet { static XSSFRow row; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("WriteSheet.xlsx")); XSSFWorkbook workbook = new XSSFWorkbook(fis); XSSFSheet spreadsheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0); Iterator < Row > rowIterator = spreadsheet.iterator(); while (rowIterator.hasNext()) { row = (XSSFRow) rowIterator.next(); Iterator < Cell > cellIterator = row.cellIterator(); while ( cellIterator.hasNext()) { Cell cell = cellIterator.next(); switch (cell.getCellType()) { case NUMERIC: System.out.print(cell.getNumericCellValue() + " \t\t "); break; case STRING: System.out.print( cell.getStringCellValue() + " \t\t "); break; } } System.out.println(); } fis.close(); } }
让我们将上述代码保存在 Readsheet.java 文件中,然后在命令提示符下编译并运行它,如下所示 −
$javac Readsheet.java $java Readsheet
如果您的系统环境配置了 POI 库,它将编译并执行以在命令提示符下生成以下输出。
EMP ID EMP NAME DESIGNATION tp01 Gopal Technical Manager tp02 Manisha Proof Reader tp03 Masthan Technical Writer tp04 Satish Technical Writer tp05 Krishna Technical Writer