Ruby on Rails 2.1 - 模型

模型创建

Model.new 	# 创建一个新的空模型
Model.create( :field => 'value', :other_field => 42 )
# 使用传递的参数创建一个对象并保存它
Model.find_or_create_by_field( value )
# 搜索"field = value"的记录,如果未找到则创建
# 新记录
User.find_or_create_by_name_and_email( 'ramjoe', 'ram@example.com')

模型关系

有四种关联模型的方法 - has_one、has_many、belongs_to 和 has_and_belongs_to_many。假设以下四个实体 −

Model Relation
def Order < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_many :line_items
   belongs_to :customer 
end

def LineItem < ActiveRecord::Base
   belongs_to :order
end

def Customer < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_many :orders
   has_one :address
end

def Address < ActiveRecord::Base
   belongs_to :customer
end

考虑以下关系 −

模型关系 2
def Category < ActiveRecord::Base 
   has_and_belongs_to_many :products
end

def Product < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_and_belongs_to_many :categories  
end

关联连接模型

考虑以下关系。它描述了我们如何在定义关系时使用连接

Model Relation 3
class Author < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_many :authorships
   has_many :books, :through => :authorships
end

class Authorship < ActiveRecord::Base
   belongs_to :author
   belongs_to :book
end

class Book < ActiveRecord::Base
   has_one :authorship
end

@author = Author.find :first
# 选择该作者所属的所有书籍。
@author.authorships.collect { |a| a.book }
selects all books by using the Authorship join model
@author.books 

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