Mockito - 监视

Mockito 提供了创建真实对象监视的选项。调用监视时,将调用真实对象的实际方法。

语法

//创建对实际对象的间谍
calcService = spy(calculator);

//对实际对象执行操作
//测试添加功能
Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(20.0, 10.0),30.0,0);

示例

步骤 1 − 创建一个名为 CalculatorService 的接口来提供数学函数

文件:CalculatorService.java

public interface CalculatorService {
   public double add(double input1, double input2);
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2);
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2);
   public double divide(double input1, double input2);
}

步骤 2 − 创建一个 JAVA 类来表示 MathApplication

文件:MathApplication.java

public class MathApplication {
   private CalculatorService calcService;

   public void setCalculatorService(CalculatorService calcService){
      this.calcService = calcService;
   }
   
   public double add(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.add(input1, input2);		
   }
   
   public double subtract(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.subtract(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double multiply(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.multiply(input1, input2);
   }
   
   public double divide(double input1, double input2){
      return calcService.divide(input1, input2);
   }
}

步骤 3 − 测试 MathApplication 类

让我们通过在其中注入 calculatorService 的模拟来测试 MathApplication 类。模拟将由 Mockito 创建。

在这里,我们通过 when() 向模拟对象添加了一个模拟方法调用 add()。但是在测试期间,我们在调用 add() 之前调用了 subtract()。当我们使用 Mockito.createStrictMock() 创建模拟对象时,方法的执行顺序很重要。

文件:MathApplicationTester.java

import static org.mockito.Mockito.spy;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;

// @RunWith 将运行器附加到测试类以初始化测试数据
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MathApplicationTester {
	
   private MathApplication mathApplication;
   private CalculatorService calcService;

   @Before
   public void setUp(){
      mathApplication = new MathApplication();
      Calculator calculator = new Calculator();
      calcService = spy(calculator);
      mathApplication.setCalculatorService(calcService);	     
   }

   @Test
   public void testAdd(){

      //对真实对象执行操作
      //测试添加功能
      Assert.assertEquals(mathApplication.add(20.0, 10.0),30.0,0);
   }

   class Calculator implements CalculatorService {
      @Override
      public double add(double input1, double input2) {
         return input1 + input2;
      }

      @Override
      public double subtract(double input1, double input2) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!");
      }

      @Override
      public double multiply(double input1, double input2) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!");
      }

      @Override
      public double divide(double input1, double input2) {
         throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Method not implemented yet!");
      }
   }
}

步骤 4 − 执行测试用例

C:\> Mockito_WORKSPACE 中创建一个名为 TestRunner 的 Java 类文件来执行测试用例。

文件:TestRunner.java

import org.junit.runner.JUnitCore;
import org.junit.runner.Result;
import org.junit.runner.notification.Failure;

public class TestRunner {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
      Result result = JUnitCore.runClasses(MathApplicationTester.class);
      
      for (Failure failure : result.getFailures()) {
         System.out.println(failure.toString());
      }
      
      System.out.println(result.wasSuccessful());
   }
}  	

步骤 5 − 验证结果

使用 javac 编译器编译类,如下所示 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>javac CalculatorService.java MathApplication.
   java MathApplicationTester.java TestRunner.java

现在运行测试运行器来查看结果 −

C:\Mockito_WORKSPACE>java TestRunner

验证输出。

true