Logstash - 支持的输入

Logstash 支持来自不同来源的大量日志。它与著名来源合作，如下所述。

从指标中收集日志

系统事件和其他时间活动记录在指标中。Logstash 可以从系统指标访问日志并使用过滤器处理它们。这有助于以自定义方式向用户显示事件的实时反馈。指标根据指标过滤器的 flush_interval 设置 刷新，默认情况下设置为 5 秒。

我们正在跟踪 Logstash 生成的测试指标，通过收集和分析通过 Logstash 运行的事件并在命令提示符上显示实时反馈。

logstash.conf

此配置包含一个生成器插件，由 Logstash 为测试指标提供，并将类型设置设置为"生成"以进行解析。在过滤阶段，我们仅使用"if"语句处理具有生成类型的行。然后，metrics 插件计算 meter 设置中指定的字段。metrics 插件在 flush_interval 中指定的每 5 秒刷新一次计数。

最后，使用 codec 插件 进行格式化，将过滤事件输出到标准输出(如命令提示符)。Codec 插件使用 [events][rate_1m] 值在 1 分钟滑动窗口中输出每秒事件。

input {
   generator {
     	type => "generated"
   }
}
filter {
   if [type] == "generated" {
      metrics {
         meter => "events"
         add_tag => "metric"
      }
   }
}
output {
   # only emit events with the 'metric' tag
   if "metric" in [tags] {
      stdout {
         codec => line { format => "rate: %{[events][rate_1m]}"
      }
   }
}

运行 Logstash

我们可以使用以下命令运行 Logstash。

>logsaths –f logstash.conf

stdout(命令提示符)

rate: 1308.4
rate: 1308.4
rate: 1368.654529135342
rate: 1416.4796003951449
rate: 1464.974293984808
rate: 1523.3119444107458
rate: 1564.1602979542715
rate: 1610.6496496890895
rate: 1645.2184750334154
rate: 1688.7768007612485
rate: 1714.652283095914
rate: 1752.5150680019278
rate: 1785.9432934744932
rate: 1806.912181962126
rate: 1836.0070454626025
rate: 1849.5669494173826
rate: 1871.3814756851832
rate: 1883.3443123790712
rate: 1906.4879113216743
rate: 1925.9420717997118
rate: 1934.166137658981
rate: 1954.3176526556897
rate: 1957.0107444542625

从 Web 服务器收集日志

Web 服务器会生成大量有关用户访问和错误的日志。Logstash 可帮助使用输入插件从不同服务器提取日志，并将它们存储在一个集中位置。

我们从本地 Apache Tomcat 服务器的 stderr 日志 中提取数据，并将其存储在 output.log 中。

logstash.conf

此 Logstash 配置文件指示 Logstash 读取 apache 错误日志并添加名为"apache-error"的标签。我们只需使用文件输出插件将其发送到 output.log 即可。

input {
   file {
      path => "C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 7.0 /logs/*stderr*"
      type => "apache-error"  
   }
} 
output {
   file {
      path => "C:/tpwork/logstash/bin/log/output.log"
   }
}

Run Logstash

We can run Logstash by using the following command.

>Logstash –f Logstash.conf

输入日志示例

这是示例 stderr 日志，当 Apache Tomcat 中发生服务器事件时生成。

C:\Program Files\Apache Software Foundation\Tomcat 7.0\logs\ tomcat7-stderr.2016-12-25.log

Dec 25, 2016 7:05:14 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-bio-9999"]
Dec 25, 2016 7:05:14 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-bio-8009"]
Dec 25, 2016 7:05:14 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
INFO: Server startup in 823 ms

output.log

{
   "path":"C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 7.0/logs/
   tomcat7-stderr.2016-12-25.log","@timestamp":"2016-12-25T11:05:27.045Z",
   "@version":"1","host":"Dell-PC",
   "message":"Dec 25, 2016 7:05:14 PM org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol start
",
   "type":"apache-error","tags":[]
}
{
   "path":"C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 7.0/logs/
   tomcat7-stderr.2016-12-25.log","@timestamp":"2016-12-25T11:05:27.045Z",
   "@version":"1","host":"Dell-PC",
   "message":"INFO: Starting ProtocolHandler [
      \"ajp-bio-8009\"]
","type":"apache-error","tags":[]
}
{
   "path":"C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 7.0/logs/
   tomcat7-stderr.2016-12-25.log","@timestamp":"2016-12-25T11:05:27.045Z",
   "@version":"1","host":"Dell-PC",
   "message":"Dec 25, 2016 7:05:14 PM org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
",
   "type":"apache-error","tags":[]
}
{
   "path":"C:/Program Files/Apache Software Foundation/Tomcat 7.0/logs/
   tomcat7-stderr.2016-12-25.log","@timestamp":"2016-12-25T11:05:27.045Z",
   "@version":"1","host":"Dell-PC",
   "message":"INFO: Server startup in 823 ms
","type":"apache-error","tags":[]
}

从数据源收集日志

首先，让我们了解如何配置 MySQL 进行日志记录。在 [mysqld] 下的 MySQL 数据库服务器的 my.ini 文件 中添加以下几行。

在 Windows 中，它位于 MySQL 的安装目录中，即 −

C:\wamp\bin\mysql\mysql5.7.11

在 UNIX 中，您可以在 - /etc/mysql/my.cnf 中找到它

general_log_file = "C:/wamp/logs/queries.log"
general_log = 1

logstash.conf

在此配置文件中，文件插件用于读取 MySQL 日志并将其写入 ouput.log。

input {
   file {
      path => "C:/wamp/logs/queries.log"
   }
}
output {
   file {
      path => "C:/tpwork/logstash/bin/log/output.log"
   }
}

queries.log

这是在 MySQL 数据库中执行查询生成的日志。

2016-12-25T13:05:36.854619Z   2 Query		select * from test1_users
2016-12-25T13:05:51.822475Z    2 Query	select count(*) from users
2016-12-25T13:05:59.998942Z    2 Query         select count(*) from test1_users

output.log

{
   "path":"C:/wamp/logs/queries.log","@timestamp":"2016-12-25T13:05:37.905Z",
   "@version":"1","host":"Dell-PC",
   "message":"2016-12-25T13:05:36.854619Z    2 Query	select * from test1_users",
   "tags":[]
}
{
   "path":"C:/wamp/logs/queries.log","@timestamp":"2016-12-25T13:05:51.938Z",
   "@version":"1","host":"Dell-PC",
   "message":"2016-12-25T13:05:51.822475Z    2 Query	select count(*) from users",
   "tags":[]
}
{
   "path":"C:/wamp/logs/queries.log","@timestamp":"2016-12-25T13:06:00.950Z",
   "@version":"1","host":"Dell-PC",
   "message":"2016-12-25T13:05:59.998942Z    2 Query	select count(*) from test1_users",
   "tags":[]
}